D Question 13 1 pts Conceptual Set 1. You design an experiment in which you show one group of participants a video with mild violence and another group of participants a video with no violence. You expect the participants who were shown the video with mild violence to be more aggressive (have higher scores on an aggression questionnaire) than the participants who were shown the video with no violence. Is this a one-talled or two-tailed design? One-tailed Two-tailed Question 14 1 pts Conceptual Set 1. You design an experiment in which you show one group of participants a video with mild violence and another group of participants a video with no violence. You expect the participants who were shown the video with mild violence to be more aggressive (have higher scores on an aggression questionnaire) than the participants who were shown the video with no violence. Select the null hypothesis. Be as specific as you can be given the information presented. • The participants who were shown the video with mild violence will have different levels of aggression than the participants who were shown the video with no violence • The participants who were shown the video with mild violence will not have higher levels of aggression than the participants who were shown the video with no violence • The participants who were shown the video with mild violence will not have different levels of aggression than the participants who were shown the video with no violence • The participants who were shown the video with mild violence will have lower levels of aggression than the participants who were shown the video with no violence Question 15 1 pts Conceptual Set 1. You design an experiment in which you show one group of participants a video with mild violence and another group of participants a video with no violence. You expect the participants who were shown the video with mild violence to be more aggressive (have higher scores on an aggression questionnaire) than the participants who were shown the video with no violence. Select the research hypothesis. Be as specific as you can be given the information presented. • The participants who were shown the video with mild violence will have different levels of aggression than the participants who were shown the video with no violence • The participants who were shown the video with mild violence will have higher levels of aggression than the participants who were shown the video with no violence • The participants who were shown the video with mild violence will not have different levels of aggression than the participants who were shown the video with no violence • The participants who were shown the video with mild violence will not have lower levels of aggression than the participants who were shown the video with no violence Question 16 1 pts Conceptual Set 1. You are studying two different cultures (l.e., Culture A and Culture B) and their child-rearing practices. You expect to see a difference in child-rearing practices as measured by the Child Development Questionnaire (CDQ). Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed design? • One-tailed Two-tailed
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Assignment One: Identifying Research Methods At the end of this assignment, there are descriptions of eight research situations. Read through each of the research scenarios and answer the following questions for each of the research problems: 1. Does the study involve correlational research or is it an experiment? 2. If you decide the study involves correlational research, do the results suggest a positive or a negative relationship between the variables under investigation? WHY did you draw that conclusion? 3. If you decide the study involves experimental research, identify both the independent and dependent variables in the study. Once you have identified the independent and dependent variables, - list the values for the independent variable (what are the different conditions in the study?), and - decide on a way in which the researcher could operationally define (objectively quantify) the dependent variable - i.e., how can this variable be measured? 1. Researchers looking at the relationship between intelligence and the total number of children in a family found that the children with the highest IQ scores were most likely to come from the smallest size families. 2. In an attempt to determine which method would assure the best classroom attendance, an educational psychologist had two teachers try different techniques. One teacher rewarded students for attendance with bonus points; a second teacher punished absences by deducting points. The results indicated that attendance was better in the class where attendance was rewarded using bonus points. 3. An investigator was interested in the effect of a nutritionally poor diet during pregnancy on the likelihood of brain defects. He collected data on the nutritional adequacy of the mother's diet and the occurrence of birth defects for all children born in the hospitals of a large city for one month. The results indicated that the more adequate the diet, the fewer the birth defects. 4. A researcher believes that hyperactivity in children is related to the amount of sugar in their diet. The researcher records both sugar intake and activity level for 50 children over a five-month period. The results indicated that those children who consumed the most sugar tended to be the most active. 5. An investigator believed that children's aggressive behavior will be increased by their observations of violence. Some children were shown a very violent film while others viewed a film of a nonviolent athletic competition. Afterwards, graduate students observed and scored instances of aggressive behavior in children from both groups playing together in a room. Children who had watched the very violent program behaved significantly more aggressively than did children from the other group. 6. Researchers studying the effects of alcohol consumption tested the physical coordination skills of 21-year-old men who were first assigned to drink a beverage with either 4, 2, or 0 ounces of alcohol in the laboratory. The results indicated that the group that consumed the most alcohol did most poorly on the test of physical coordination. 7. A researcher wants to determine whether people are more likely or less likely to help someone in distress when other people are present and witness the distress. Some participants were tested when they were the only witness to a person in distress; others were tested when a small group of people witnessed the person in distress. The results indicated that people were more likely to help when they were the only witness to the distress. 8. A researcher was investigating drug abuse patterns in adults. The researcher collected information from 60 individuals enrolled in a drug treatment program. Part of the information rated the severity of the individual's drug abuse; individuals were also asked when they had first started experimenting with drugs. The results indicated that those individuals who experimented with drugs at the earliest age tended to have the most severe drug abuse problems.
Patha S.
Choose the correct answer: 1) Consider the claim that 60% of the members of a population of bacteria have a plasmid conferring antibiotic resistance. If we collected some random bacterial samples and the P-value of a binomial test was 0.015, what would our conclusion be? a) We fail to reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that the true proportion of bacteria with resistance plasmids does not differ from 60%. b) We fail to reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that the true proportion of bacteria with resistance plasmids differs from 60%. c) We reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that the true proportion of bacteria with resistance plasmids differs from 60%. d) We reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that the true proportion of bacteria with resistance plasmids does not differ from 60%. 2) Imagine a surgery that is known to have a 10% chance of serious side effects. An internal hospital review shows that 4 out of 8 of a particular doctor's patients have these side effects. If we conducted a binomial test of whether this doctor's patients are experiencing usually low or high rates of side-effects, what would our conclusion be? a) We fail to reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that the rate of side effects for this doctor does not seem to differ from the usual 10%. b) We fail to reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that the rate of side effects for this doctor differs from the usual 10%. c) We reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that the rate of side effects for this doctor does not seem to differ from the usual 10%. d) We reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that the rate of side effects for this doctor differs from the usual 10%. 3) Consider a situation in which we expect the same frequency of 64 total observations to be in each of four categories. We can use an X2 goodness-of-fit test to test whether the frequencies of offspring are as expected. If the numbers of values in each category are 12, 24, 10, and 18, and using the table of critical values shown, what is the conclusion of our test? a) Fail to reject the null hypothesis, we have good evidence to decide that the frequencies differ from those that were expected. b) Reject the null hypothesis, we lack the evidence to decide that the frequencies differ from those that were expected. c) Fail to reject the null hypothesis, we lack the evidence to decide that the frequencies differ from those that were expected. d) Reject the null hypothesis, we have good evidence to decide that the frequencies differ from those that were expected. 4) Using the Agresti-Coull method, what is the 95% confidence interval for the proportion when there are 15 observed successes and 25 observed failures? a) 0.263 < p < 0.509 b) 0.253 < p < 0.519 c) 0.273 < p < 0.499 d) 0.243 < p < 0.529
Dominador T.
Situation E: A recent study examined 10 patients who were being treated for severe burns. The patients were each asked to rate their pain level on a scale from 0 to 10 under two different conditions. Sample 1 was taken while the patient was on a moderate dose of pain medication. Sample 2 was taken using the same patients on the same dose of medication but while each patient was playing a fast-paced, interactive video game. You will be conducting a hypothesis test to determine whether playing a video game is effective in reducing patients' perceived levels of pain. Use the 0.01 level of significance. The table below shows information on Sample 1, Sample 2, and on the paired differences between both samples (Sample 1 pain level minus Sample 2 pain level). You will need some, but not all of this information to answer the questions below. Decide whether the samples should be considered paired or independent and proceed accordingly. Note: I am not asking a question about the hypotheses. That doesn't mean there aren't any. Write your own and decide whether the test should be one-tailed or two-tailed. Sample Size: n = 10, 10, 10 Sample Mean: 7.3, 5.8, 1.5 Sample Std. Dev.: 1.767, 2.251, 1.354 Question E1: Choose the appropriate formula for the test statistic and find its value. Group of answer choices 5.129 3.503 3.854 4.662 4.239 Question E2: Describe the rejection region for the test. Group of answer choices It contains the values below -2.576 and the values above +2.576. It contains the values below -3.250 and the values above +3.250. It contains only the values above 2.821. It contains only the values above 2.326. It contains only the values above 2.552. It contains the values below -2.878 and the values above +2.878. Question E3: What should we conclude? Group of answer choices We should reject H0. The results do not support the theory that playing video games can be effective in reducing patients' perceived levels of pain. We should not reject H0. The results do not support the theory that playing video games can be effective in reducing patients' perceived levels of pain. We should not reject H0. The results support the theory that playing video games can be effective in reducing patients' perceived levels of pain. We should reject H0. The results support the theory that playing video games can be effective in reducing patients' perceived levels of pain. Question E4: Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference in pain level that results from playing the video game. Group of answer choices 0.83 to 2.17 0.93 to 2.07 0.63 to 2.37 0.53 to 2.47 0.73 to 2.27
Kirsty G.
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