00:01
Hello everyone in this question we need to discuss about horizontal gene transfer in bacteria.
00:08
So what is horizontal gene transfer? this is transfer of genes between two independent organisms that is known as horizontal or lateral gene transfer.
00:23
Example is binary fission.
00:26
Okay, so what happens is a fragment of the dna that has been transferred during gene transfer from a donor cell to a recipient cell is called exogenate.
00:43
Okay, so if this dna is transferred from this donor to this recipient, this dna strand is called exogenate.
00:53
And the recipient bacterial cells own genetic material to which dna can interpret, is called endogenate.
01:04
Okay, so if this recipient has its own dna and if this exogenate to which this exogenate will so this genetic material of the recipient is known as endogenate.
01:24
Okay, and the bacterial cell, suppose this is the bacterial cell that has received an exogenate.
01:32
For example, this exogenate has been received by this recipient.
01:37
Then this exogenate is present here and initially this is known as merozygote or partial diploid or merodeployed.
01:52
Because at this point exogenate is also present and the endogenate is also present in the recipient.
01:59
That is why it is known as merozygote or merodeployed.
02:02
The first horizontal gene transfer we are discussing is transformation.
02:09
What is transformation in this? a bacterial cell receives a dna, an exogenate and is transformed.
02:18
So suppose this is a bacterial cell, okay? and it has its endogenome, that is, endogenome, that is its bacterial chromosome, okay? now these cells have a protein known as competence factor.
02:39
So competence factor is present here that helps the cell to take up the dna.
02:47
So for example, this is the transforming dna that we need to enter into this recipient cell.
02:56
So now the dna will start to enter into this vector.
03:02
Cell with the help of the competence factor.
03:07
Okay, so let's make the bacterial cell.
03:10
Now the three prime end will enter first and only one strands enter.
03:18
The other strand is degraded by nucleus.
03:23
Now this dna will enter into the recipient cell.
03:28
Now this transformed cell will have the the exogenate as well as it replicates with the help of bacterial mechanism.
03:42
So it will form a double stranded dna that is having two strands of different origins.
03:55
So this is known as neurozygote.
04:00
So these are the steps of transport.
04:10
Second horizontal transfer we are discussing here is transduction...