00:01
From here we have been first asked to describe the steps of transcription and translation.
00:18
So first of all we will start with the steps or the process of transcription.
00:26
So basically transcription is the name which is given to the process in which dna is copied to make a complementary strand of rna and these rna then undergoes another process which is known as translation to make the proteins and if we talk about the major steps of transcription then they are the first one being the initiation next comes the promoter clearance then elongation after which comes the last process known as terminated.
02:01
So if we talk about the process of initiation, then it is the first step of transcription in which rna polymers and its cofactors generally bind to dna and then unwind it, which creates an initiation bubble and this is similar to a apparent to what we get when we unwind strands of any multi -ply rna.
02:56
Now if we talk about the initiation of transcription in bacteria then it begins with the binding of rna polymers to the promoter in dna and this transcription initiation is more complex in eukaryotes.
03:10
So we can tell that complex process occurs for eukaryotes and and it is where the group of proteins called transcription factors mediates the binding of rna polymerase and the initiation of transcription.
03:54
Now coming to the second step that is promoter clearance.
04:08
Then it is the next step of transcription which is also known as promoter escape.
04:21
And here rna polymerase must clear the promoter once it binds to the first bond that has been synthesized and the promoter is dna sequence that signals which dna strand is transcribed and the direction of transcription then proceeds further.
04:43
Coming to the third step that is elongation, then here one strand of dna serves as template for rna synthesis, but multiple rounds of transcription may occur so that many copies of genes can be produced.
05:17
And the last process which is known as termination, it is the final step of transcription and this results in release of newly synthesized mrna from the elongation complex.
05:45
And in new carriers, this termination of transcription involves cleavage of transcript, which is followed by poly adination.
05:53
And if you talk about poly adenilation, then it is a series of adenine residues.
05:59
Or we can tell it as poly a tail which is added to the new free time end of messenger.
06:21
So this was the process of transcription.
06:28
Now we will talk about the next process that is translation...