Comparison of Two DNA Kits for % Successful Profiles DNA Profiling Success Rates DNA Kit 1 DNA Kit 2 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % Successful Profiles Blood Swab Saliva Cigarette Butt Saliva Mouth/Rim Bottle Trace Clothing Source of DNA Sample (Adapted from Wilson-Wilde et al., 2013)
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DNA profiling, also known as genetic fingerprinting, is a technique used to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. It has several uses, including criminal investigations, parentage testing, and genetic research. One Show more…
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You added a PCR "Master Mix" to each sample. List all of the ingredients that must be in this Master Mix to allow the PCR reaction to work. (Hint- Think, does Master Mix contain DNA?) For each ingredient you identify, be sure to specify its specific function in the reaction. Our PCR reaction will run for 40 cycles. In each cycle of PCR, there are three steps: Denature, Anneal, and Extension. A) For each step, state the specific, required temperature and ALSO explain B) what that specific temperature achieves. If human DNA polymerase were used in this PCR reaction, instead of Taq Polymerase, what temperature do you predict would be used for the Extension phase of the reaction? Why? Consider two parents. One parent has 5 repeats at the TH01 locus on both of her homologous chromosomes. The other parent has 10 repeats on both of his. If you were provided with DNA from each of these individuals and performed a PCR with primers specific to each end of the TH01 region, how long would the fragment you generated be for each of the parents? (Ignore the length of the primer in your calculations!) If you were provided with DNA from a child of theirs, what would you expect the results of your PCR analysis to look like? (That is, what size fragments would you generate?) Explain how you are able to make this prediction! Now consider a crime scene in which two offspring from these same parents (siblings!) are both suspects. Could a DNA profile based on just this TH01 region determine which sibling had committed the crime? Why or why not? If not, how might you improve your profiling to be able to distinguish these two individuals?
Jenny W.
DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory technique used to establish a link between biological evidence and a suspect in a criminal investigation. A DNA sample taken from a crime scene is compared with a DNA sample from a suspect. DNA evidence may also be used to analyze the crime scene in general. Scientists use DNA fingerprinting in agriculture as well as in breeding programs. Most recently, DNA fingerprinting has been used to predict the possibility of inheriting a specific disease or condition, as well as treating such diseases as cancer. Doctors have found a DNA marker that predicts the inheritance of a deadly disease, ALS. The band of markers labelled "C" shows the pattern inherited by people with the disease. One member of the Green family, the father, has ALS. His four children have been tested and the results are shown here. To inherit the disease, you must inherit all markers. Will any of Mr. Green's children have the disease? Explain. A) Yes. Child #1 has the markers for the disease. B) Maybe. Child #1 has all but one of the markers for ALS. C) No. None of the children have all of the markers for ALS. D) No. The markers show that Mr. Green is not the father of the children.
Adi S.
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