00:01
All right, so let's draw some orbital diagrams for some elements.
00:04
Orbital diagrams show the electrons starting from the lowest energy level to the highest energy level as half arrows in terms of electrons.
00:16
And so remember, they're going to use huns rule and the alphabal principle and the poly exclusion principle to deal with that.
00:24
So first, let's look at sodium.
00:28
And remember how these get filled.
00:30
I'll do it from left to right.
00:31
You can also do it from bottom to top.
00:34
But remember that s's are one orbital and hold two electrons.
00:43
The p's, there are three of those orbitals, so they hold a total of six electrons.
00:50
And the d's, there are five of those that can hold a total of 10 electrons.
00:56
So remember how they fill 1s, 2 .8.
01:03
2 .s, 2p, 3s, and the first sodium will stop there.
01:12
Remember that sodium is number 11 on the periodic table, so it has 11 electrons.
01:22
So remember that each level gets filled before we move to the next one.
01:26
So we're gonna have one, two, and then move to the next level, three, four.
01:32
These arrows, these half arrows represent electrons.
01:36
And when we move the 2p, there are three possible confirm.
01:39
Configurations can be in.
01:41
So they fill each one separately first.
01:46
That's 5, 6, 7.
01:48
And before we move to the higher level, we'll fill the rest of them in, 8, 9, 10, and then the 11th one is in 3s.
01:58
So there is one unpaired electron right here.
02:08
We do the same thing for the other one's cobalt, co.
02:14
That has a higher number of electrons.
02:19
Cobalt has 27 electrons, so we're going to have to use more energy levels.
02:27
So we're going to have our 1s, our 2s, our 2p, our 3s, our 3p, our 4s, and we're getting into the ds now.
02:38
We have 3d.
02:41
And remember 3d comes after 4s.
02:50
That's a 2.
02:53
And we'll do the same thing.
02:54
We'll fill in.
02:56
And then we'll double it up...