Multiple Choice: Answer the following questions with the best possible answer. Read all choices before reaching the final answer. (2 points each). 1. Ecosystem services are generally defined as a. The net primary productivity of an ecosystem. b. The benefits human derive from the proper functioning of ecosystems. c. The services humans pay for to use an ecosystem, such as paying to hike through a forest. d. The cost associated with replacing the biogeochemical functions of ecosystems. 2. Which of the following ecosystem services would be highly valuable in terms of reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere? a. High levels of primary productivity, or photosynthesis b. High rates of denitrification c. High density of flowers that attract pollinators d. High runoff storage capacity to prevent flooding 3. The tendency of humans to harvest a wide variety of products from ecosystems, such as wood, food, and medicinal products, speaks to our high dependence on what kind of ecosystem services? a. Regulating services b. Supporting services c. Provisioning services d. Cultural services 4. The fact that most conservationists place high value on ecosystems and species they will never use or observe speaks to what kind of valuation? a. Direct use value b. Indirect use value c. Option value d. Existence value 5. The direct conversion of natural habitats to agricultural or commercial lands is the biggest current threat facing biodiversity. a. True b. False 6. Species-area curves demonstrate ______. a. As the habitat size increases, the number of species it can support also increases, which enhances species richness.