During cellular metabolism, some energy is always lost in the form of O heat O fat O glucose O adenine triphosphate (ATP)
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In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP or ATP4-). The essence of ATP's action is its ability to lose its terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis and to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP or ADP3-). ATP4-(aq) + H2O(l) → ADP3-(aq) + HPO42-(aq) + H3O+(aq) At physiological conditions, pH = 7 and T = 310K (blood temperature), the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of hydrolysis are ΔrH = -20 kJ/mol and ΔrG = -31 kJ/mol, respectively. The hydrolysis of 1.00 mol of ATP, at these conditions, results in the extraction of 31 kJ of energy that can be used to do non-expansion work such as the synthesis of proteins or activation of neurons. Calculate the entropy of hydrolysis at pH = 7 and T = 310K.
Sri K.
Living organisms use energy from the metabolism of food to create an energy-rich molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The ATP then acts as an energy source for a variety of reactions that the living organism must carry out to survive. ATP provides energy through its hydrolysis, which can be symbolized as follows: where ADP represents adenosine diphosphate and Pi represents an inorganic phosphate group (such as HPO42-). a. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K, for the given reaction at 298 K. b. The free energy obtained from the oxidation (reaction with oxygen) of glucose (C6H12O6) to form carbon dioxide and water can be used to re-form ATP by driving the given reaction in reverse. Calculate the standard free energy change for the oxidation of glucose and estimate the maximum number of moles of ATP that can be formed by the oxidation of one mole of glucose.
Created through a synthesis reaction of combining: Po (phosphate) + Energy CELLULAR RESPIRATION HzO + ATP + Heat COz 02 Glucose
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