dysfunction Question 3 (2.5 points) What is the most likely pathophysiological cause of the patient's jugular venous distension and bilateral pitting edema? Left ventricular failure causing increased systemic venous return Severe mitral regurgitation causing left atrial volume overload Right ventricular failure secondary to increased pulmonary vascular resistance Pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade Question 4 (2.5 points) Saved
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Mitral valve stenosis is a condition whereby the mitral valve narrows. Which of the following would be a consequence of this condition? (Consider your answers based on the condition alone, not the subsequent compensatory mechanisms). Select all that apply. Group of answer choices: Peripheral (systemic) edema Increased aortic pressure Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary edema Decreased left heart ejection fraction Decreased right heart end-diastolic volume Increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume Reduced coronary arterial pressure
Madhur L.
A.O. is an 89-year-old woman with a long history of systolic heart failure secondary to a large left ventricular infarct when she was in her 70s. She had poor activity tolerance and required assistance with activities of daily living. Even minimal activity was associated with moderately severe dyspnea and exertional chest pain, which was relieved by rest. A.O. also exhibited marked pedal edema bilaterally. She is being treated with digitalis, furosemide (Lasix), KCl, and sublingual nitroglycerin. What is the most likely cause of A.O.'s pedal edema? A. Prolonged left-sided failure causes an increase in back pressure on the right ventricle and eventual biventricular involvement. B. Dehydration leads to pedal edema. C. Right-sided failure can cause pedal edema. D. Isolated left-sided failure leads to pedal edema.
Bryan V.
In congestive heart failure (CHF) , the main pumping chambers of your heart (the ventricles) may become stiff and not fill properly between beats. In some cases of heart failure, your heart muscle may become damaged and weakened, and the ventricles stretch (dilate) to the point that the heart can't pump blood efficiently throughout your body. Over time, the heart can no longer keep up with the normal demands placed on it to pump blood to the rest of your body. There are several different types. Here are two. Left-sided heart failure: Fluid may back up in your lungs, causing shortness of breath. Right-sided heart failure: Fluid may back up into your abdomen, legs and feet, causing swelling. Simone has left sided heart failure which would cause fluid to build up in the alveoli. Q1) From what you know about blood flow through the heart and bulk flow in capillaries, why would an inability to fill and contract the left side of the heart lead to fluid building up in the lungs? Q2) Why would fluid in the lungs prevent external respiration of the nonpolar oxygen and carbon dioxide? Q3) If you impair the external respiration of carbon dioxide, what would you expect Simone's blood levels to be? Why? Q4) Consider that carbon dioxide level in part #3, what type of acid base imbalance would be caused in this case? Please explain your answer, provide ABGs and explain how carbon dioxide and/or compensation led to each ABG.
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