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3. Botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin are closely related neurotoxins; therefore, they act the same way and cause the same type of paralysis. 4. Blood cells that play an important protective role in helping us kill & destroy worms (helminthes) are microfold cells. 5. The class of antibody in an antibody response to an antigen is always the same each time the body responds to the same antigen. 6. Our textbook considers these normal microbiota to be part of the innate immune response because their presence might be able to prevent pathogens from colonizing the host at certain body sites by competing with the pathogens for nutrients or receptor sites, by producing substances such as bacteriocins that are harmful to the pathogens, or by altering conditions that could affect the growth of the pathogens. 7. The ability of a phagocytic cell to migrate from a blood vessel to an area where there is tissue damage involves the phagocytic cell squeezing in between endothelial cells lining the blood vessel. This process is known as peregrination. Multiple Choice – Exam 4 only 8. Responses of the innate immune response are activated by protein receptors in the plasma membrane of defensive cells such as macrophages. These activators include molecules referred to as which attach to various commonly found components on pathogens called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) which include molecules like lipopolysaccharide. a) Toll-like receptors b) major histocompatibility complex receptors c) Fc receptors d) prostaglandin receptor 9. Histamine, produced in an allergy response and during inflammatory responses, causes an increase in the permeability of capillary walls as well as of blood vessels. Therefore, when a person has an overwhelming allergy response they will suffer from blood pressure. a) constriction ; low b) dilation ; low c) constriction ; high d) dilation ; high 10. T helper 1 cells release the cytokine which results in macrophage activation so that the macrophages are better able to take care of intracellular pathogens like the tuberculosis bacterium. a) gamma interferon b) apoptopin c) properdin d) serotonin 11. Some microorganisms can increase the amount of the sugar sialic acid on their surface such as by attaching it to their lipopolysaccharide or lipooligosaccharide. This interferes with the functioning of __. a) antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity b) the complement cascade c) agglutination d) margination

3. Botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin are closely related neurotoxins; therefore, they act the same way and cause the same type of paralysis.
4. Blood cells that play an important protective role in helping us kill & destroy worms (helminthes) are microfold cells.
5. The class of antibody in an antibody response to an antigen is always the same each time the body responds to the same antigen.
6. Our textbook considers these normal microbiota to be part of the innate immune response because their presence might be able to prevent pathogens from colonizing the host at certain body sites by competing with the pathogens for nutrients or receptor sites, by producing substances such as bacteriocins that are harmful to the pathogens, or by altering conditions that could affect the growth of the pathogens.
7. The ability of a phagocytic cell to migrate from a blood vessel to an area where there is tissue damage involves the phagocytic cell squeezing in between endothelial cells lining the blood vessel. This process is known as peregrination.
Multiple Choice – Exam 4 only
8. Responses of the innate immune response are activated by protein receptors in the plasma membrane of defensive cells such as macrophages. These activators include molecules referred to as ______ which attach to various commonly found components on pathogens called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) which include molecules like lipopolysaccharide.
a) Toll-like receptors b) major histocompatibility complex receptors
c) Fc receptors d) prostaglandin receptor
9. Histamine, produced in an allergy response and during inflammatory responses, causes an increase in the permeability of capillary walls as well as ______ of blood vessels. Therefore, when a person has an overwhelming allergy response they will suffer from ______ blood pressure.
a) constriction ; low b) dilation ; low c) constriction ; high d) dilation ; high
10. T helper 1 cells release the cytokine ______ which results in macrophage activation so that the macrophages are better able to take care of intracellular pathogens like the tuberculosis bacterium. a) gamma interferon b) apoptopin c) properdin d) serotonin
11. Some microorganisms can increase the amount of the sugar sialic acid on their surface such as by attaching it to their lipopolysaccharide or lipooligosaccharide. This interferes with the functioning of ______.
a) antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity b) the complement cascade
c) agglutination d) margination

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