A molecular biologist discovers that if a specific drug effectively treats obesity in mice, what can researchers conclude? Select one: a. If the drug was effective in a small proportion of mice, it will be effective in a small proportion of humans. b. If the drug was effective in a large number of mice, it will therefore be effective in humans. c. The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans. d. The effect of the drug on mice has no bearing on the effect of the drug on humans. e. The mice have provided a positive control in this experiment that proves the drug is effective in humans.
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Step 1: The experiment involved testing the drug on mice to see if it had a positive effect on their condition. Show more…
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A researcher observes that his lab mice who are fed diets high in saturated fats tend to become overweight and die sooner than their properly fed counterparts. Turn this observation into a hypothesis statement: A. Obesity and long-term health in lab mice are directly related to the saturated fat levels in their food. B. Is obesity and long-term health directly related to the saturated fat levels in their food? C. If lab mice are fed food with high levels of saturated fat, then they will become obese and live shorter lives compared to properly fed mice. D. Mice cannot determine which foods are healthy to eat, and need humans to choose low-saturated fat foods to prevent obesity and early death.
Adi S.
Scientists performed an experiment using a cell from a mouse embryo and a B cell from an adult mouse. The mouse embryo cell does not make antibodies, yet its DNA contains nucleotide sequences encoding antibody polypeptides. The adult mouse B cell makes and secretes a single type of antibody. In the experiment, radiolabeled DNA probes were synthesized to be complementary to the DNA encoding the light chains of antibody produced by the adult mouse B cells. Then, DNA from the mouse embryo cell and from the adult B cell were isolated and tested to see if either hybridized with the synthesized radiolabeled DNA probes. The results are shown in the diagram. Which claim is best supported by the data? a. The mouse genome contains an enormous number of antibody genes, which accounts for the huge diversity of antibody molecules that can be made. b. Rearrangement of gene segments encoding antibody polypeptides occurs at the level of DNA to produce an enormous diversity of antibody molecules. c. The tremendous diversity of antibody molecules that can be made results from post-translational modifications of antibody polypeptide chains. d. Each antibody is encoded by its own unique gene in the DNA, which explains how antibodies can have different antigen binding properties.
Mouse models for human genetic diseases are potentially powerful tools to help geneticists understand the cause of the aberrant phenotypes and develop new therapeutic measures. However, such mice are not always as useful to investigators as it might seem at first glance. Suppose that you have a mouse knockout model for a human disease caused by homozygosity for a null allele of a gene. Discuss how the following situations might complicate investigations of the human disease based on this mouse model. a. Mice have a shorter life span than humans. b. Mice homozygous for certain knockout mutations die in utero. c. Mouse genomes may have additional copies of the gene whose mutation causes the disease in humans. d. Mice from different inbred lines homozygous for the same gene knockout vary in the penetrance and expressivity of the phenotype. e. Manipulations to create the knockout mouse, such as the presence of a drug resistance gene that allows the selection of cells containing the knockout (see Fig. 18.9 ), can disrupt not only the targeted gene, but also the expression of other, nearby genes.
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