Endotoxins and exotoxins are both bacterial virulence factors that can affect the infected host. Sort the following descriptions as to whether they apply to endotoxins, exotoxins, or both. Descriptions (9 items) Include hemolysins Composed of protein Secreted by living cells Are virulence factors Harm the host by overstimulating the host's immune defense Released by dead cells
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Virulence factors are cellular structures or traits which increase the ability of a microbe. Several prokaryotic cellular structures can serve as virulence factors and increase the disease-causing ability by allowing the bacteria to: - Adhere to the surface of host cells and resist physical removal. - Avoid detection by the host immune system (avoid phagocytosis). - Move within the host to an infection site or tissue. - Invade host cells. - Compete for iron and other nutrients. - Evade adaptive immune defenses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of serious respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis, produces a single flagellum, can secrete a slime layer, and is able to produce both pili and cell wall adhesins. How could each of these factors contribute to the bacterium's pathogenesis, and in what order might they be used?
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What is one virulence factor that is effective in enabling bacteria to cause disease? Explain what this virulence factor is and how it helps the bacteria and subsequently harms the host.
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