Every cell in the human body needs a continuous supply of many specific nutrients for maintenance and physiological function. These nutrients are derived from the foods that we eat. Before the body is able to utilize nutrients for cellular function, foods must be broken down mechanically and chemically. The activities of the digestive system are finely coordinated and are integrated with the nervous, endocrine, and circulatory systems. Select all of the TRUE statements that reflect the complexity and intricacy of the digestive process:
- The upper esophageal sphincter opens upon swallowing. At the bottom of the esophagus, the lower esophageal sphincter prevents reflux of the stomach contents.
- The acidic pH environment of the small intestine is well-suited for pancreatic enzyme action.
- The structural organs of the tract have their acid-base environments that allow specific enzymes to become active and then inactive.
- Alterations in the pH environment of the small intestine would cause nutrient absorption.
- Dietary fiber is important in maintaining stool consistency and regular bowel movements.
- To remove the nutrient molecules rapidly and provide room for more to be absorbed, the flushing circulating blood in lymphatic vessels continuously washes the underside of the intestinal cells, carrying the absorbed nutrients away to the liver and other parts of the body.
- The functions of the GI tract are an example of the body's ability to maintain homeostasis.
- The process of food digestion begins in the mouth and proceeds all the way through the large intestine.
- The secretions of digestion enter the tract at various points throughout the digestive process without the requirement for water.