1. Examine the chart below and the corresponding...

1. Examine the chart below and the corresponding phylogenetic tree to answer the questions. Species Trait A B C D Backbone 0 1 1 1 Tail 0 0 1 1 Jawbone 0 0 0 1 i. Which species represents the outgroup? Why? ii. Define derived traits. What derived traits are being used as evidence for common ancestry in the phylogenetic tree? iii. What derived traits are shared between species B and C? iiii. What derived traits are shared between species C and D A B C D Backbone Tail Jawbone

Transcript

0:00 Hello.

00:02 In the question, we have a chart and a phylogenetic tree given here.

00:09 Okay.

00:10 And using this information, we need to answer few of the questions.

00:16 Okay.

00:17 And the first question is what is outgroup species? okay.

00:23 So in phylogenetics, outgroup species is a group of species that is more distinct.

00:30 Distantly related to the other group or the in -group you can say more distantly related to in -group species.

00:44 So to explain you more in understandable manner, if you look here, this is a species which stands out from this other three species because these three species shares a common ancestor with a as this point and from this point there is a divergence seam which means this is standing out from this all the three related species so these three are more related as compared to this a.

01:18 So in this case a species is a outgroup species.

01:26 Okay so answer for the first question is what is outgrop species? outgroup species is nothing but a species which is less closely related or more distantly related than the other in group species.

01:39 Okay.

01:40 And here, according to the given chart, a is outer species.

01:45 Now, moving to the next question, what is derived trait? so, derived trait is a trait which is present in organism.

01:58 Means suppose now the trait is present in the organism but was not present in the ancestor or but was not existed in their ancestor.

02:16 So to give you a very common example, loss of tail.

02:22 So nowadays human being does not have tail, correct? but earlier ancestor had it.

02:29 So loss of tail is a derived trait, correct? similarly, there are so many traits which can be considered...

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