Exercise 1. Copy and complete the following sentences or equalities: 1. A \( \qquad \) allows to measure the intensity of a current. It always connected in. \( \qquad \) in the circuit. 2. The intensity unit is \( \qquad \) with symbol \( \qquad \) 3. When you plug in an ammeter, you always choose the most. \( \qquad \) Caliber first. \( 1.16 \mathrm{~A}= \) \( \qquad \) \( \mathrm{mA} \) \( 4200 \mathrm{~mA}= \) \( \qquad \) A. \( 0.36 \mathrm{~A}= \) \( \qquad \) \( \mathrm{mA} \). \( 52 \mathrm{~mA}= \) \( \qquad \) A. Exercise 2 . Explain what are the errors of mounting the ammeter in the circuits below cons. Exercise 3 Knowing that :A1, A2 and \( \mathrm{A} 3 \) are three Identical ammeters. A1 indicates an intensity \( \mathrm{I}_{1}=100 \mathrm{~mA} \) What do ammeters A2 and A3 indicate? Why? Exercise 4. In the circuit opposite, the two lamps are identical. Ammeter A indicates an intensity I = \( 0.2 \mathrm{~A} \). 1) What are the intensities \( I_{1} \) and \( I_{2} \) which crosses each lamp? 2) If we open the switch \( \mathrm{K} \), what becomes of the intensity which crosses L1? 3) When the switch \( \mathrm{K} \) is open, what becomes of the intensities I and I2? 4) We close the K switch again and add a third lamp in line with L1 and L2. Calculate I. 5) What can we conclude from question \( n^{\circ} 4 \) ?
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Find the ammeter reading and the voltmeter reading in the circuit . Assume both meters to be ideal. The ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance, and so its wire can be removed without altering the circuit. The ideal ammeter has zero resistance. It can be shown that batteries in series simply add or subtract. The two $6.0$ -V batteries cancel each other because they tend to push current in opposite directions. As a result, the circuit behaves as though it had a single $8.0-\mathrm{V}$ battery that causes a clockwise current. The equivalent resistance is $3.0 \Omega+4.0 \Omega+9.0 \Omega=16.0 \Omega$, and the equivalent battery is $8.0 \mathrm{~V}$. Therefore, $$ I_{1}=\frac{\mathscr{E}}{R}=\frac{15 \mathrm{~V}}{12 \Omega}=1.25 \mathrm{~A} $$ and this is what the ammeter will read. Adding up the voltage changes from $a$ to $b$ around the right-hand side of the circuit gives Voltage change from $a$ to $b=-6.0 \mathrm{~V}+8.0 \mathrm{~V}-(0.50 \mathrm{~A})(9.0 \Omega)=-2.5 \mathrm{~V}$ Therefore, a voltmeter connected from $a$ to $b$ will read $2.5 \mathrm{~V}$, with $b$ being at the lower potential.
The above circuit contains a battery of voltage V and three resistors with resistances $R_{1}, R_{2},$ and $R_{3}$, respectively. As part of an experiment, a student has been given two measuring devices: a voltmeter and an ammeter. The first can be used to measure the changes in voltage of a circuit. The second can be used to measure the current flowing through a particular segment of wire. For answering the questions below, a voltmeter and ammeter look like IMAGE IS NOT AVAILABLE TO COPY (a) In terms of the known variables, what is the voltage lost in passing through the first resistor? (b) Draw a diagram showing how you would integrate the voltmeter to measure the voltage lost in the resistor labeled $R_{1}$. Explain the reasoning behind your decision. (c) Draw a diagram showing how you would integrate the ammeter to measure the current passing through the resistor labeled $R_{1}$. Explain the reasoning behind your decision. (d) What would be the ideal resistances for each device to have? Explain why each would be ideal for that device.
Practice Test 1
Section 2
An ideal voltmeter connected across a certain fresh battery reads 9.30 $\mathrm{V}$ , and an ideal ammeter briefly connected across the same battery reads 3.70 $\mathrm{A}$ . We say that the battery has an open-circuit voltage of 9.30 $\mathrm{V}$ and a shortcircuit current of 3.70 A. (a) Model the battery as a source of emf $\mathcal{E}$ in series with an internal resistance $r .$ Determine both $\mathcal{E}$ and $r .$ (b) An irresponsible experimenter connects 20 of these identical batteries together as suggested in Figure $\mathrm{P} 28.57$ . Do not try this experiment yourself! Find the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the set of connected batteries. (c) Assume the resistance between the palms of the experimenter's two hands is 120$\Omega$ . Find the current in his body that would result if his palms touched the two exposed terminals of the set of connected batteries. (d) Find the power that would be delivered to his body in this situation. (e) Thinking it is safe to do so, the experimenter threads a copper wire inside his shirt between his hands, like a mitten string. To reduce the current in his body to 5.00 $\mathrm{mA}$ when he presses the ends of the wire against the battery poles, what should the resistance of the copper wire be? ( $f$ ) Find the power delivered to his body in this situation. (g) Find the power delivered to the copper wire. (h) Explain why the sum of the two powers in parts $(f)$ and $(g)$ is much less than the power calculated in part (d). Is it meaningful to ask where the rest of the power is going?
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