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Experiment Punnett Square Crosses Experiment Inventory Materials Blue Beads Yellow Beads Labware (2) 100 mL Beakers Permanent Marker EXPERIMENT: PUNNETT SQUARE CROSSES In this experiment, you will use monohybrid and dihybrid crosses to predict patterns of inheritance. PROCEDURE 1. Set up and complete Punnett squares for these crosses (remember Y = yellow, y = blue): YY and Yy YY and yy 2. Answer the associated post-lab questions. 3. Set up and complete a Punnett square for a cross of two of the F1 from Step 1 (above). 4. Answer the associated post-lab questions. 5. Use the permanent marker to label the two 100 mL beakers as "1" and "2." 6. To set up a simulation of an actual monohybrid cross, create the following two "parent" beakers using the blue and yellow beads provided: • Beaker 1: Add 25 blue beads and 25 yellow beads and then mix well • Beaker 2: Add 25 blue beads and 25 yellow beads and then mix well These colors correspond to the following traits: • Yellow (Y) vs. Blue (y) kernel color • Beaker 1 represents a parent heterozygous for the Yellow/Blue locus (Yy). • Beaker 2 represents a different parent, also heterozygous for the Yellow/Blue locus (Yy). Note: Do not mix the contents of these beakers together. 7. Beaker 1 contains the random pool of gametes produced by a parent with genotype Yy. Beaker 2 represents the gametes of the other parent, also with genotype Yy. 8. In this monohybrid cross, these parents mate and produce offspring. To determine the actual offspring produced, you will randomly select the alleles present in one gamete from each parent and join the gametes to form each offspring. Then, you will compare the actual offspring ratios with the predicted (expected) ratios based on the Punnett square created in Step 2. 9. Randomly (without looking) select one bead from beaker 1 and one bead from beaker 2. 10. Record these 2 beads as the 2 alleles that came together to form offspring #1. This is the genotype of offspring #1. Record the genotype and phenotype in Table 1. 11. Return the beads to their appropriate beakers and mix (because each offspring is formed independent of all other offspring). 12. Repeat steps 5-7 an additional 19 times, recording the offspring genotypes and phenotypes in Table 1 for a total of 20 offspring. 13. Look only at the first 4 offspring you recorded and calculate the ratio of observed phenotypes, then calculate the ratio of observed phenotypes using all 20 offspring. 14. Answer the post-lab questions.

Experiment Punnett Square Crosses
Experiment Inventory
Materials
Blue Beads
Yellow Beads
Labware
(2) 100 mL Beakers
Permanent Marker
EXPERIMENT: PUNNETT SQUARE CROSSES
In this experiment, you will use monohybrid and dihybrid crosses to predict patterns of inheritance.
PROCEDURE
1. Set up and complete Punnett squares for these crosses (remember Y = yellow, y = blue):
YY and Yy
YY and yy
2. Answer the associated post-lab questions.
3. Set up and complete a Punnett square for a cross of two of the F1 from Step 1 (above).
4. Answer the associated post-lab questions.
5. Use the permanent marker to label the two 100 mL beakers as "1" and "2."
6. To set up a simulation of an actual monohybrid cross, create the following two "parent" beakers using the blue and yellow beads provided:
• Beaker 1: Add 25 blue beads and 25 yellow beads and then mix well
• Beaker 2: Add 25 blue beads and 25 yellow beads and then mix well
These colors correspond to the following traits:
• Yellow (Y) vs. Blue (y) kernel color
• Beaker 1 represents a parent heterozygous for the Yellow/Blue locus (Yy).
• Beaker 2 represents a different parent, also heterozygous for the Yellow/Blue locus (Yy).
Note: Do not mix the contents of these beakers together.
7. Beaker 1 contains the random pool of gametes produced by a parent with genotype Yy. Beaker 2 represents the gametes of the other parent, also with genotype Yy.
8. In this monohybrid cross, these parents mate and produce offspring. To determine the actual offspring produced, you will randomly select the alleles present in one gamete from each parent and join the gametes to form each offspring. Then, you will compare the actual offspring ratios with the predicted (expected) ratios based on the Punnett square created in Step 2.
9. Randomly (without looking) select one bead from beaker 1 and one bead from beaker 2.
10. Record these 2 beads as the 2 alleles that came together to form offspring #1. This is the genotype of offspring #1. Record the genotype and phenotype in Table 1.
11. Return the beads to their appropriate beakers and mix (because each offspring is formed independent of all other offspring).
12. Repeat steps 5-7 an additional 19 times, recording the offspring genotypes and phenotypes in Table 1 for a total of 20 offspring.
13. Look only at the first 4 offspring you recorded and calculate the ratio of observed phenotypes, then calculate the ratio of observed phenotypes using all 20 offspring.
14. Answer the post-lab questions.

Added by Cynthia E.

Biology for AP Courses

Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht

Instant Answer

Solved by Expert Rachel Griffin

01/24/2023

Step 1

Step 1: Set up and complete Punnett squares for the monohybrid cross (Yy x Yy) and dihybrid cross (Yy x yy). Show more…

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Experiment: Punnett Square Crosses Experiment Inventory Materials Blue Beads Yellow Beads Labware (2) 100 mL Beakers Permanent Marker EXPERIMENT: PUNNETT SQUARE CROSSES In this experiment, you will use monohybrid and dihybrid crosses to predict patterns of inheritance. PROCEDURE 1. Set up and complete Punnett squares for these crosses (remember Y = yellow, y = blue): YY and Yy YY and yy 2. Answer the associated post-lab questions. 3. Set up and complete a Punnett square for a cross of two of the F1 from Step 1 (above). 4. Answer the associated post-lab questions. 5. Use the permanent marker to label the two 100 mL beakers as "1" and "2." 6. To set up a simulation of an actual monohybrid cross, create the following two "parent" beakers using the blue and yellow beads provided: • Beaker 1: Add 25 blue beads and 25 yellow beads and then mix well • Beaker 2: Add 25 blue beads and 25 yellow beads and then mix well These colors correspond to the following traits: • Yellow (Y) vs. Blue (y) kernel color • Beaker 1 represents a parent heterozygous for the Yellow/Blue locus (Yy). • Beaker 2 represents a different parent, also heterozygous for the Yellow/Blue locus (Yy). Note: Do not mix the contents of these beakers together. 7. Beaker 1 contains the random pool of gametes produced by a parent with genotype Yy. Beaker 2 represents the gametes of the other parent, also with genotype Yy. 8. In this monohybrid cross, these parents mate and produce offspring. To determine the actual offspring produced, you will randomly select the alleles present in one gamete from each parent and join the gametes to form each offspring. Then, you will compare the actual offspring ratios with the predicted (expected) ratios based on the Punnett square created in Step 2. 9. Randomly (without looking) select one bead from beaker 1 and one bead from beaker 2. 10. Record these 2 beads as the 2 alleles that came together to form offspring #1. This is the genotype of offspring #1. Record the genotype and phenotype in Table 1. 11. Return the beads to their appropriate beakers and mix (because each offspring is formed independent of all other offspring). 12. Repeat steps 5-7 an additional 19 times, recording the offspring genotypes and phenotypes in Table 1 for a total of 20 offspring. 13. Look only at the first 4 offspring you recorded and calculate the ratio of observed phenotypes, then calculate the ratio of observed phenotypes using all 20 offspring. 14. Answer the post-lab questions.

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00:01 So in this question, we are looking at an experiment that utilizes genetics and specifically mendelian genetics as we are dealing with some pundit squares in order to analyze genotypes and phenotypes of given offspring.

00:16 So in this experiment, obviously, we are going to be using beads to represent the parents and those offspring and the associated genotypes and phenotypes.

00:27 Obviously, i don't have the experiment in front of me, so i am simply.

00:30 Just going to lay just a quick foundation for this experiment and do those punant squares with you because that's really going to be the basis of our understanding for this and how combinations of these ziluilis are going to happen between said mother and father so for the first question we are being asked to set up and complete pun squares for these two crosses and going down it does look like we are going to be performing more or less mono -hybrid crosses as we are not mixing the contents of these speakers together so i'm going to do these as their own separate entities usually one to represent either mother and father but i'm just going to do them as separate and it'll be a lot clear for you to visualize also so i'm going to set up the pundits square i'm and for the first one, we have a big y and big y, and then big y, little y.

01:38 So going in to fill in the answers, we're going to have big y, big y, big y, big y, big y, big y, big y, big y, little y, and big y, little i.

01:54 And then if we perform the same thing with our other cross here, which we have big y, y in little y little y and little y and we'll see you for that one we're going to get all heterozygotes which make things obviously a little bit easier so with that being said skipping down to question number three we're being asked to set up a and complete opponent square for a cross of two of the f1 generation from step one so obviously one of the offspring that we are finding.

02:37 So i'm going to use our heterozygote formed over here because obviously that's the only one formed.

02:45 And then from the one on the left i'm also just going to use the heterozygote.

02:51 But obviously you could do a separate cross with the big y big y to show another form of offspring...

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