Explain how an antibody is present in the blood sample. By detecting whether agglutination happened If an emergency transfusion was required and an exact match were not available, which combinations of recipient and donor would carry the least risk? What is the problem with mixing blood types? If does an individual acquire the antibodies against ABO antigens
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1. Describe how you deduced which antibody is present in a blood sample. 2. If an emergency transfusion was required and an exact match was not available, which combinations of recipient and donor would carry the least risk? What is the problem with mixing blood types? 3. At what age or time in life does an individual acquire the antibodies against ABO antigens other than their own? 4. At what age or time in life does an individual acquire antibodies against Rh positive blood if their own blood type is Rh negative? How do you explain this? 5. What is erythroblastosis fetalis and what is the cause? What blood type must the mother, father, and child be in order for this to occur?
Adi S.
QUESTION 19 In a transfusion whole blood or blood components can be transfered from one individual to another individual. If the transfusion is incompatible, antibodies from the recipient bind onto the antigens of the donated red blood cells, this antibody-antigen response causes clumping also known as __________. QUESTION 20 Which of the following statements are correct concerning blood type AB? This is a multiple-multiple;Choose all that apply. - blood type AB has both the A antigen and the B antigen on the plasma membrane of its red blood cells - blood type AB contains both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies - blood type AB is considered the universal donor - if an individual with blood type AB recieves a transfusion from an indivdual with type A blood, agglutination will occur - an individual with blood type AB does not contain either Anti-A or Anti-B antibodies in their plasma - blood type AB is considered the universal recippient - agglutination cannot occur in blood type AB because blood type AB does not contain any antigens QUESTION 21 In an incompatible blood transfusion, antibodies in the donor's plasma does not cause significant agglutination and hemolysis. The donor's antibodies do not cause a significant reaction because these antibodies become so diluted in the recipient's blood. The agglutnation is due to the recipient's antibodies binding to the antigens on the donor's red blood cells.
The purpose of understanding the different antigens found on red blood cells is because of blood transfusions. Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood from one person into another person's circulatory system. Blood transfusions can can be useful when the recipient loses a large amount of blood due to trauma or surgery. For blood transfusions to work, blood must be donated from people with matching blood types. If the blood is not matched, then the immune system of the recipient will attack the donated blood. After birth, the immune system then makes antibodies against the antigens not found on the red blood cells. Antibodies are present on the B white blood cells. Below is a table containing information about antigens, antibodies and blood transfusions. Table 1: Blood Types Blood Type | Red Blood Cell Antigen | Antibodies in Blood | Receive Blood From | Donate Blood To --- | --- | --- | --- | --- A | A | anti-B | O, A | A, AB B | B | anti-A | O, B | B, AB AB | A, B | None | O, A, B, AB | AB O | None | anti-A, anti-B | O | O, A, B, AB Use Table 1 to answer the following questions: 1. Which blood type would you have if antibodies A and B were made during your first year of life? 2. Which blood type is the universal donor? 3. Which blood type is the universal recipient? 4. Which ABO blood type has two different antigens on the surface of red blood cells? 5. Which ABO blood type has the A antigens on the surface of red blood cells? 6. If the blood plasma had antibody A, what type of blood would the immune system attack? 7. How are antibodies related to the type of blood a person can receive?
Sri K.
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