00:01
And this concept of enzymes and inhibition, okay? remember we are looking at enzymes and then we're also looking at inhibition.
00:18
So first of, we need to, you know, go back to the basics of enzymes.
00:23
What are enzymes? enzymes are enzymes? enzymes are biological catalysts.
00:27
So if we talk of enzymes, then we talk of biological catalysts, all right? so what does that this mean? you know, they have, per dep rate of chemical reaction.
00:46
Okay, and they have very important factors.
00:50
They have the km and they also have vmax, where the vmax is the maximum speed of an enzyme in the particular reaction.
01:02
And the km here is the concentration constant of a substrate needed for that particular enzyme to work at half the maximum speed, which means that the lower the km, the better the enzyme, alright? and the lower the km ensures that the enzyme has its high affinity for that particular substrate.
01:27
But you see courtesy of these all, we have the presence of inhibitors.
01:35
So then what are these inhibitors, all right? inhibitors are just particular molecules which diminish.
01:44
Okay, if you look at diminishing the productivity of enzyme.
01:49
So you can say is diminished by inhibitors.
02:00
And we have three categories of these inhibitors.
02:05
We have competitive inhibitors.
02:16
We have non -competitive inhibitors.
02:29
And then you have the un -competitive.
02:37
Very interesting three groups of inhibitors here, right? so then if you go back to start assessing one -per -one, we can start with comparative inhibitors.
02:59
So these comparative inhibitors in a sentence are just those inhibitors which compete with a substrate for the active site.
03:09
So they compete substrate for the active site.
03:21
Okay, very, very interesting.
03:22
Which means that the, what happens is if you want to overcome these competitive inhibitors, you need to add more of that particular substrate.
03:31
So that it out competes an inhibitor right but so you see another thing you need to concern is that the competitive inhibitors do not change the v -max of an enzyme but they increase the km of that particular enzyme okay so if this competitive inhibitors compete with the enzyme for that particular active site then you can see that if you have if this is an am if this is an enzyme here okay, let's call this enzyme.
04:10
Then you call this substrate.
04:18
What normally happens is, and this is the active site...