Explain the histology of the thyroid gland how thyroid...

Explain the histology of the thyroid gland, how thyroid hormone is synthesized in the epithelial cells of the follicle, such as the iodine trap, the hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-thyroid gland axis and negative feedback regulation, the regulation using iodine, the intracellular signaling pathways within the adenohypophysis and the thyroid gland, autoregulation of thyroid hormone production, factors regulating thyroid hormone levels, actions of thyroid hormones, mechanism of action of thyroid hormone (TRE-receptor interaction, coactivators, corepressors), major genes whose expression is changed (e.g., Na+/K+-ATPase), the major actions of thyroid hormone across major organ systems (e.g., nervous, CV, pulmonary, renal).

Transcript

00:01 Hi, the given question from the thyroid gland, thyroid gland.

00:13 It is a small group, small group of cells, which makes a organ called as thyroid, which is located in the front of the neck wrapped around the windpipe windpipe trachea and its shape is like the butterfly shape is smaller in middle with two wide wings that extend around the side of your throat so the histology is histology is the follicles are lined by the follicular cell polypolar cells simple that rest on the basement membrane have a cavity filled with the homogeneous gelatinous material called the colloid the colloid is composed of thyroglobulin and idonated glycoprote which is an enabated active storage form of thyroid hormone.

03:07 So the synthesis of the thyroid hormone, thyroid hormone is derived from the amino acid, that is tyrosine are synthesized through the sequential iodination of the of the tyrosine phenol ring.

03:47 First iodine is added to the phenol ring metaposition resulting in mono -iodyotyracine if a single site is idonated or diiodotyrusine if two sides are iodinated.

04:03 Iodine trapping is the first step.

04:10 Iodine trapping is the first step of the metabolism of the iodine the process commences with the uptake of iodine from the capillary into the follicular cell of the gland by the active transport system so the hypothalemic pituitary thyroid axis a negative fact back in tss thyroid stimulating hormone in turn stimulates the thyroid to produce the the thyroid hormone until the level of the blood return to the normal state.

05:24 So thyroid hormone exert a negative feedback, negative feedback control over the hypothalamus as well as anti -reliolum.

05:59 Pituitary, pituitary thus controlling the release of both, that is trh from the hypothalamus and the t .s .h from the anterior pituitary.

06:30 So the mechanism, thyroid gland is regulated by the trh that is the thyroid -troponin releasing hormone and the tss thyroid stimulating hormone in addition to the trh and tss regulation by th -f feedback there is central modulation by the nutritional signals such as leptin as well as peptides regulating appetite so adeno -hypofysis secretes the adeno hypophysis it secretes the nine other hormones nine other hormones that is growth hormone promoting growth gh promotes growth corticotropine causes the adrenal cortex to secrete the chiroid hormone f sh lh and prl pro lactin cows milk synthesis so the purpose of tsh is to stimulate the thyroid gland to help in the production and the release of the t3 and the t4, that is trh is released by the hypothalamus of adenohypolysis, the trh stimulates the thyrotropic cells to secrete the tss thyroid stimulating hormone...

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