7. Explain why an organ transplant made between a donor of blood group AB and a recipient of blood group O will always be rejected, even if it is perfectly HLA-matched and the recipient has been given immunosuppressant drugs. What is this type of rejection called? 8. Give another example of ABO incompatibility between donor and recipient that would lead to this type of rejection. 9. What other antigen incompatibilities, other than those of blood group, are most likely to provoke this type of rejection?
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Blood group O individuals have antibodies against both A and B antigens, so when they receive an organ from a blood group AB donor, whose red blood cells express both A and B antigens, the recipient's antibodies will recognize the donor's antigens as foreign and Show more…
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The immune system rejection of transplanted organs and the availability of organ donors are key factors in determining survival. Blood ABO compatibility is always a criterion in matching donors and recipients in adult patients and was once a consideration for infant patients. Period of time on the waitlist for a suitable donor is critical because the health of the patient degrades while waiting. Dipchand et al. (American Journal of Transplantation, 10, 2010) made a comparison of survival rates for infants where the donor heart was ABO compatible and incompatible as shown in the graph. Based on these data justify the claim that expression of blood group immune response develops over time and that this provides a window of opportunity for transplantation.
(a) Individuals with a certain one of the ABO blood types are said to be "universal donors," whereas those with another type are said to be "universal recipients." What are these blood types? Explain. (b) Antibodies are contained in blood plasma, which is blood with its red and white cells removed. Indicate the various compatibilities of blood plasma from an indiviual with one $A B O$ blood type with an individual with a different ABO blood type. (c) Considering the answers to Parts a and $b,$ why is it possible that there can be a universal donor and a universal recipient for a transfusion of whole blood?
When shortages of donated blood occur, O-negative blood may be given to patients, even if they have a different blood type. Why is this the case? If O-negative blood supplies were depleted, what would be the next-best choice for a patient with a different blood type in critical need of a transfusion? Explain your answers.
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