For therapy for learned helplessness to be effective, it should:
a. involve force to overcome the undesirable habit
b. take place long after the helplessness experience has been extinguished
c. involve punishment to achieve the desired response
d. use an easily acquired response to shape the person into taking control
In Seligman's triadic design, yoking was used to control for:
a. differences in personality
b. the degree of suffering
c. the effects of fatigue
d. differences across dog breeds
The finding of latent learning supports the notion that:
a. motivation is necessary for learning
b. learning and performance are the same thing
c. learning can occur without reward
d. reward affects learning, not performance