Question

Genetic bottlenecks have shaped the genetic diversity of many human populations. Considering how well a small sample can represent binary (i.e., two alleles at the same locus) or multiple-allele loci, which one of the following do you expect after two generations of randomly sampling only 10 alleles (5 diploid individuals) from the gene pool of thousands of individuals with the following frequencies: 409 0 allele, 309 A allele, 309 B allele? On average, alleles will be lost because of selection against certain alleles. On average, alleles represented in the 5 individuals will be representative of the underlying population proportions. On average, small samples provide good estimates of underlying proportions. On average, alleles A and B will be lost because the starting frequencies were low. On average, any allele may be lost because of the drastic reduction in population size from thousands to 10 for two generations.

          Genetic bottlenecks have shaped the genetic diversity of many human populations. Considering how well a small sample can represent binary (i.e., two alleles at the same locus) or multiple-allele loci, which one of the following do you expect after two generations of randomly sampling only 10 alleles (5 diploid individuals) from the gene pool of thousands of individuals with the following frequencies: 409 0 allele, 309 A allele, 309 B allele? On average, alleles will be lost because of selection against certain alleles. On average, alleles represented in the 5 individuals will be representative of the underlying population proportions. On average, small samples provide good estimates of underlying proportions. On average, alleles A and B will be lost because the starting frequencies were low. On average, any allele may be lost because of the drastic reduction in population size from thousands to 10 for two generations.

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Added by Arthur A.

Biology for AP Courses

Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht

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Solved by Expert Katlin Koehn

03/09/2023

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398$ Frequency of A allele = $\frac{309}{1027} \approx 0.301$ Frequency of B allele = $\frac{309}{1027} \approx 0.301$ After two generations of randomly sampling only 10 alleles (5 diploid individuals) from the gene pool of thousands of individuals, we can expect Show more…

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Genetic bottlenecks have shaped the genetic diversity of many human populations. Considering how well a small sample can represent binary (i.e., two alleles at the same locus) or multiple-allele loci, which one of the following do you expect after two generations of randomly sampling only 10 alleles (5 diploid individuals) from the gene pool of thousands of individuals with the following frequencies: 409 0 allele, 309 A allele, 309 B allele? On average, alleles will be lost because of selection against certain alleles. On average, alleles represented in the 5 individuals will be representative of the underlying population proportions. On average, small samples provide good estimates of underlying proportions. On average, alleles A and B will be lost because the starting frequencies were low. On average, any allele may be lost because of the drastic reduction in population size from thousands to 10 for two generations.

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Transcript

00:01 We have populations that we are told starts in the thousands.

00:05 So we don't have an exact number, but thousands of people or thousands of individuals that are in this population.

00:12 Now, for one specific gene, it looks like perhaps blood types, we have three alleles that belong to this gene.

00:19 40 % of all the alleles are o, 30 % are a, and the remaining 30 % are b.

00:28 Now, this means that if you were to shorten this, say if we had just five individuals and each of them had two alleles, then you would expect four of the alleles to be o.

00:55 You would expect three of the alleles to be a and three of the alleles to be b.

01:01 So that's if we had five individuals where there was a total of ten alleles, and it was a perfect match to what.

01:07 The population has.

01:10 But if we were to throw in something, like if a bottleneck effect were to happen, then this is going to drastically change the allele frequencies for the population.

01:31 Because we aren't going to pick certain individuals, you know, that will create a very similar or the same distribution of alleles.

01:41 It's going to be individuals at random.

01:45 And so you might see that out of, you know, these thousands of individuals, if five people got plucked out, if five people got chosen and put somewhere new or just observed, then you might have one individual who has two alials.

02:00 You might have two individuals who are a -b, and you might have one who is b -o, right? and now we have a totally different distribution.

02:11 Now i see that three out of my six, alleles are a, meaning that half 50 % is a.

02:25 I see that only one out of six is o and two out of six are b...

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