Group 3 11. Preload refers specifically to: - how much blood the ventricles can hold - how often the heart muscle can contract - end-systolic volume - how much work the heart must do to pump blood 12. Decreased contractility can be caused by all the following EXCEPT: - acidosis - fever - ischemia - cardiomyopathy 13. During ventricular systole: - venous blood from the systemic circulation enters the right atrium - the mitral and tricuspid valves are open - preload is increased - the mitral and tricuspid valves are closed 14. The correct definition of afterload is: - the number of times the heart contracts - how much pressure the heart must exert to eject blood - how much the ventricles can stretch to hold blood - the amount of blood ejected from each ventricle 15. Contractility of cardiac muscle is directly dependent on the level of: - chloride - calcium - sodium - potassium
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Step 1: Preload is the amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole. Show more…
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The first heat sound is caused by contraction of the ventricle closing of the semilunar valves opening of semilunar valves closing of atrioventricular valves Which of the following lists the correct order of blood flow? left ventricle > left atria > aorta > systemic arteries right atria > right ventricle > aorta > pulmonary arteries left ventricle > aorta > systemic arteries > systemic capillaries inferior and superior vena cava > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta Most of the ventricle filling occurs during atrial systole. when the AV valve is closed. during ventricular systole. during atrial diastole. during isovolumetric contraction. When the right ventricle contracts, the _____ valve closes and eventually, the _____ valve is pushed open. bicuspid (mitral); pulmonary semilunar tricuspid; pulmonary semilunar tricuspid; aortic semilunar bicuspid (mitral); aortic semilunar aortic; pulmonary semilunar Systolic blood pressure is recorded: in arteries and is the minimum pressure that is recorded during ventricular relaxation. in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction. in veins and is the maximal pressure recorded during atrial contraction. in veins and is the minimum pressure recorded during atrial relaxation. in both arteries and veins and is the maximum pressure recorded during diastole of the heart. Moderate stretch (increased preload) of the ventricle will lead to Increased stroke volume and cardiac output Decreased stroke volume and cardiac output Increased stroke volume and decreased cardiac output Decreased stroke volume and increased cardiac output No change in stroke volume or cardiac output Increasing which of the following would cause the heart to work harder; thus, decreasing stroke volume and cardiac output? afterload preload contractility
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25. The residual or left-over volume in the ventricles after the ventricles have contracted is known as: a. end systolic volume. b. end diastolic volume. c. cardiac output. d. stroke volume. e. all these combined make up this volume. 26. Tetanus is prevented from developing in cardiomyocytes because: MARK ALL THAT APPLY a. intracellular Ca2+ concentration increases. b. K+ ions rush into the cell. c. Na+ ions rush into the cell. d. the absolute refractory period is greatly extended. e. the relative refractory period is greatly extended. 27. If voltage-gated calcium ion channels in the membrane of a cardiac muscle cell were blocked, this would cause... a. a much longer cardiac action potential. b. an increase in the length of the plateau phase. c. an increase in the depolarization period. d. a decrease in the absolute refractory period. e. a decrease in the hyperpolarization period. 28. The main consequence or result of extending the depolarizing phase in cardiomyocytes versus skeletal muscle is... a. an increase in the relative refractory period. b. prevention of tetanus. c. a decrease in the absolute refractory period. d. an extended hyperpolarization from K+ rushing out of the cell. e. all these are true. 29. Heart muscle cells in the ventricles are generating action potentials during this part of the ECG. a. P wave b. QRS complex c. T wave d. all these. 30. During this part of the cardiac cycle, all 4 valves are closed for a brief period while the ventricles are contracting. a. Atrial systole b. Atrial diastole c. isovolumetric relaxation d. isovolumetric contraction 31. Inotropic agents... a. always increase heart rate. b. always decrease heart rate. c. affect the force of contraction. d. directly affect afterload. e. cause all these. 32. This is the smallest circulation or circuit of the cardiovascular system. It provides oxygen and nutrients directly to heart muscle cells.
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Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in one beat and is determined by ventricular preload, afterload, and contractility: How can stroke volume be decreased? A: Increase heart rate. B: Increase ventricular contraction. C: Decrease aortic pressure. D: Decrease total peripheral resistance
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