highlight the keywords , Don't use AI & Answer fastly requesting 553. How is enzyme activity in fluidized bed biofilm reactors measured?
Added by Eric P.
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This involves extracting a portion of the fluid containing the biofilm and the enzymes. Show more…
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Enzymes are immobilized on flat surfaces of plates in the form of monolayer (or very thin film) and placed in an agitated reactor for enzymatic reaction. The reactor is operated continuously. The bulk substrate concentration is So = 200 mg/l at steady state. When the reactor was operated at different agitation speeds, the following data were obtained: RPM | kL (dm/h) | V (mg/dm²-h) 25 | 0.18 | 30 50 | 0.24 | 36 100 | 0.33 | 40 200 | 0.42 | 41.5 300 | 0.88 | 44 400 | 2.25 | 45 a) Determine surface concentration of the substrate for each RPM b) Determine the kinetic constants for the enzymatic reaction Km=22.62 mg/l, Vm=51.02 mg/dm²-h
Adi S.
1. Compare the activities of the immobilized beads of different methods. Be sure that the comparison is based on the same standard and is fair. 2. How would you measure the mass transfer resistance in a gel matrix? 3. How would you estimate the relative contribution of the following factors in the overall loss of enzyme activities: enzyme deactivation, enzyme leakage, mass transfer? 4. What industrial enzymatic processes are routinely carried out with immobilized enzymes instead of free enzymes? What methods of immobilization are actually being used? 5. List some of the advantages and disadvantages of an immobilized enzymatic conversion process versus a free one.
Supreeta N.
Dilute concentration of toxic organic solutes can often be degraded by a "biofilm" attached to an inert nonporous solid surface (see diagram of such a reactor below). A biofilm consists of living cells immobilized in a gelatinous matrix. Biofilms are not very thick, less than a few millimeters. Species A diffuses into the biofilm and is degraded to harmless products like CO2 and HOH. Consider a rotating disk for treatment of phenol (species A) in waste water. The biofilm contains a micro-organism rich in the enzyme peroxidase that oxidatively degrades phenol. The concentration of species A in the bulk fluid phase over the biofilm is constant if the fluid phase is well mixed. However, the concentration of A within the biofilm will decrease along the depth of the film, z, as species A is degraded. No convective mass transfer is noted. Phenol is equally soluble in the water and the biofilm, and the density difference between the biofilm and water can be neglected. It is desired to treat 0.1 m3per hour of wastewater containing 0.1 mol/m3of the toxic phenol. The biofilm thickness is 2.0mm. The desired outlet concentration is 0.02 mol/m3. The first order rate constant (an approximation of Michaelis-Menten kinetics when low concentrations when KA>>CA) is 1.9 x 10-2 sec-1. The diffusivity of A in the gel is 2.0 x 10-10m/sec. Process temperature is 25 °C. Question: A) Use a dimensionless parameter to show that the rate of reaction is very rapid relative to the rate of diffusion. B) What is the rate of phenol degradation required? C) What is the required surface area of the biofilm necessary to achieve the desired outlet concentration of phenol?
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