How can microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression? prevent translation by binding to tRNA and interfering with protein synthesis prevent transcription by binding to RNA polymerase and denaturing the enzyme prevent transcription by binding to DNA and removing transcription factors prevent translation by binding to mRNA and degrading the mRNA strand
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Step 1: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Show more…
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How do microRNAs promote gene silencing and translational repression? Small double-stranded RNA is transcribed, processed by RISC, and resulting single-stranded RNA bits are loaded onto ARGONAUTE that seeks transcripts (mRNAs) that are homologous, promoting degradation of the mRNA (silencing) or stalling translation (repression). MicroRNAs directly hybridize to mRNA and promote transcript degradation (silencing). Small double-stranded RNA is transcribed, processed by RISC and ARGONAUTE that degrades (silencing) all sorts of mRNAs. MicroRNAs promote gene silencing or translational repression depending on the type of sigma factor that recruits RNA polymerase to the transcription start site.
Adi S.
One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression is by base pairing with the ribosome binding site on the sense mRNA to block translation. In a second, alternative mechanism, the act of transcribing an antisense RNA can somehow prevent RNA polymerase from recognizing the sense promoter for the same gene. Design an experimental approach that would enable you to distinguish between these two modes of action at a specific gene. (Hint: What would be the outcome in each case if high levels of the antisense RNA were transcribed from a gene on a plasmid?)
Several examples of antisense RNA regulating translation in bacterial cells have been discovered. Molecular geneticists have also used antisense RNA to artificially control transcription in both bacterial and eukaryotic genes. If you wanted to inhibit the transcription of a bacterial gene with antisense RNA, what sequences might the antisense RNA contain?
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