How do antibodies work against pathogens? By producing chemicals in the pathogen By binding to the pathogen By multiplying inside the pathogen By absorbing the pathogen
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Antibodies can target pathogens for destruction in the following ways with the EXCEPTION of attracting Natural killer cells which will cause lysis of the pathogen causing clumping or agglutination of pathogens neutralizing pathogens by binding viral spikes or other structures which prevent infection of cells breaking down the peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall
Adi S.
What can antibodies directly do to an invading pathogen as part of the adaptive immune response? Engulf the pathogen Perforate the cell membrane of the pathogen Release histamine, which opens up capillaries for neutrophils Bind to the antigen in numbers, which can prevent pathogen reproduction
Alexander B.
In the antibody-antigen reaction known as "antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)", what is the main "effector cell" that secretes the cytotoxins that kill the pathogenic bacteria? a. B-lymphocytes b. hepatocytes c. Natural killer cells d. red blood cells e. epithelial cells Immunoglobulin molecules are best described as a. Linear peptides attached end to end b. Polysaccharides in an X shape c. Glycoproteins with 4 peptides arranged in a basic Y shape d. Large proteins with a binding area on one end e. Foreign to the thymus The paratope of an immunoglobulin is a. tail portion b. the site on the antibody molecule that binds to the epitope of the antigen c. small peptide d. the Fc binding region e. 2 groups of topes Opsinization refers to a. cleaning the hands thoroughly b. dismissing the science of the immune response c. binding tightly to a paratope d. clumping many immunoglobulins together e. enhancing phagocytosis Neutralization is an immune component interaction that inactivates what? a. Effective antibody activity b. Viruses, toxins, and bacterial pathogens c. B cell reaction to epitopes d. Complement activity in the blood e. Expensive internet connections Natural killer cells, macrophages, and eosinophils are cytotoxic, meaning they can a. become dangerous if exposed to the wrong toxin b. damage the immunoglobulins that react to bacterial exotoxins c. compete for the same PPE during a pandemic d. kill virus-infected cells and large pathogens e. be neutralized and inactivated by toxic paratopes The Immunoglobulin (Ig) with a valence of 10 is a. IgA b. IgM c. IgG d. IgE e. IgIamthegreatest The Ig that can be secreted into mucus, saliva, tears, etc. is a. IgA b. IgM c. IgG d. IgE e. IgIaminthegoo The portion of the adaptive immune system that produces the soluble, circulating version of immune protection is a. Humoral b. Serious c. Humorous d. Solvent e. Cell-mediated Which type of cell is the Ig factory, i.e. the one that produces the immunoglobulins? a. Red Blood Cells b. T lymphocytes c. B memory cells d. B plasma cells e. Natural factory cells What best describes a substance known as an antigen? a. Foreign, large molecule, immunogenic b. Small molecule, natural body cell part, inert c. Artificial, toxic, dangerous d. Red, white, and blue e. Infectious, contagious, pandemic How do specific anti-toxin antibodies "neutralize" toxins produced by bacteria to make them non-toxic to the body? a. They bind to the toxin preventing it from interacting with and damaging the target cells b. The antibodies break up and destroy the toxin molecules c. The antibodies attach to and coat the target cells so the toxin molecule can't attack the cells d. The antibodies prevent the bacteria from making the toxins e. The antibodies tell the toxin's Mom that the toxin is being mean to the cells.
Sri K.
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