How do genetic predispositions, such as specific HLA gene variants, contribute to the risk of developing MS, and what are the implications for personalized medicine?
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Yeager, M., et al. (2007) Nature Genetics 39:645-649] and Sladek, R., et al. [(2007) Nature 445: 881-885] have used singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify novel risk loci for prostate cancer and Type 2 diabetes, respectively. Each study suggests that diseaserisk genes can be identified that significantly contribute to the disease state. Given your understanding of such complex diseases, what would you determine as reasonable factors to consider when interpreting the results of GWAS?
Adi S.
What is personalized medicine and how does it relate to complex traits such as human diseases?
Figure $19-19$ shows plots of $\mathrm{P}$ values (represented by the dots) along the chromosomes of the human genome. Each $\mathrm{P}$ value is the result of a statistical test of association between a SNP and a disease condition. There is a cluster, or spike, of statistically significant $\mathrm{P}$ values (green dots) at the gene $H L A-D R B 1$ for two diseases. Why might this particular gene contribute to susceptibility for the autoimmune diseases rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes?
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