How old are most of the Neanderthal mtDNA genomes that have been sequenced?
Added by Elijah C.
Step 1
Step 1: Identify the source of Neanderthal mtDNA genomes To determine the age of most Neanderthal mtDNA genomes that have been sequenced, we need to look at the archaeological and paleontological records where these genomes were extracted. Show more…
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At the beginning of this chapter, we discussed the sequence of two-thirds of the nuclear genome of Homo neandertbalensis. The complete sequences of six mitochondrial genomes of $H .$ neandertbalensis have been available for some time; the first $H$. neandertbalcmsis meDNA sequence was published in 2008 . How similar are the sequences of the mtDNAs of $H .$ neandertbalensis and H. sapiens? Are the genomes similar in size? Is the amount of diversity observed in the mtDNAs of Neanderthals and humans the same? If not, what might this tell us about the sizes of Neanderthal and human populations? How many genes are present in the $H .$ neandertbalensis mitochondrial genome? How many of these genes encode proteins? How many specify structural RNA molecules? Are there any pseudogenes in $H .$ neandertbalensis mtDNA? All of these questions can be answered by visiting the http: $/ /$ www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov web site.
A recent study compared the Homo sapiens genome with that of Neanderthals. The results of the study indicated that there was a mixing of the two genomes at some period in evolutionary history. Additional data consistent with this hypothesis could be the discovery of ______. some Neanderthal sequences not found in living humans a few modern H. sapiens with some Neanderthal sequences duplications of several Neanderthal genes on a Neanderthal chromosome some Neanderthal chromosomes that are shorter than their counterparts in living humans
Adi S.
The plots above show the distribution of SNP alleles similar to Neanderthal genomes, in two ancient human genomes, A (left) and B (right). They were isolated from bone fragments, between 42,000 and 45,000 years old, found in Romania and Bulgaria. The mitochondrial DNA from both individuals was also sequenced, and was wholly similar to that of modern humans, not Neanderthals. Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with these data? A. The maternal grandmother of individual A was Neanderthal. B. Individual A had more recent Neanderthal ancestors than individual B. C. Some modern humans and Neanderthals interbred, about 45,000 years ago. D. The common ancestors of Neanderthals and all modern humans lived over 800,000 years ago.
Madhur L.
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