Identical twins were separated at birth and raised by two different families. Years later, one twin was a physically fit member of the cross-country team, and the other twin was overweight with slightly higher-than-normal blood pressure. The differences in these twins could be explained by the fact that 1. the genes in the two individuals are completely different 2. in twins, each individual inherits genes from only one parent 3. the DNA bases in twins combine differently 4. the environment can influence the expression of genes.
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Identical twins have identical genotypes (DNA) but do not always have identical phenotypes (physical traits). For example, one twin may get cancer while the other twin does not. Why? Phenotypes reflect differences in their genome. Their RNA is different. One is male and the other is female. Gene regulation can be affected by environmental differences like smoking.
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