Identify a symptom of toxemia of pregnancy. ? Leakage of protein into the urine ? Spinal paralysis ? Decrease in blood pressure ? Seizures
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Step 1: Toxemia of pregnancy, also known as preeclampsia, is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine. Show more…
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Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of pre-eclampsia? Group of answer choices Rapid weight gain Edema High blood pressure Convulsions
Aparna S.
A 39-year-old female suddenly notices her urine is a dark smoke color and she feels general malaise. Her urine output is decreased, and she has edema with puffy eyelids. Her blood pressure has become elevated. She has a history of systemic lupus erythematosus, but her urinary symptoms, edema, and hypertension are new, so she goes to see her physician. The physician orders a BUN, creatinine, creatinine clearance test, and a urinalysis. Her results are below: BUN: increased creatinine: increased creatinine clearance: greatly reduced GFR Dipstick: 4+ protein; 4+ blood; 1+ leukocytes esterase Microscopic: RBC's 25-50/HPF with many dysmorphic RBC's RBC casts: 5-10/LPF Hyline casts: 0-1/LPF WHAT IS THE ACUTE OR CHRONIC DIAGNOSIS?
Adi S.
A midstream, clean-catch urine specimen was collected from a 30-year-old mother of two children. She is currently 7 months pregnant with an otherwise normal pregnancy. Other findings include back pain, fever, chills, and vomiting. Dipstick: Color: Yellow Clarity: Turbid Specific Gravity (SG): 1.010 pH: 6.0 Protein: 100 mg/dL – 2+ Glucose: Negative Ketones: Negative Bilirubin: Negative Blood: Negative Urobilinogen: Normal Nitrite: Positive Leukocyte: 3+ Microscopic: WBC: 20-50/hpf (some glitter cells observed) RBC: 0-2/hpf Casts: Many WBC casts Other: Presence of bacteria Occasional transitional and squamous epithelial cells What is the significance of the physical test findings? What condition is expected? (1 pt) The lower back pain, fever, and chills are suggestive of an upper urinary tract infection (UTI). What findings on the microscopic analysis are helpful in the diagnostic process? (1 pt) The presence of WBCs and WBC casts, as well as the presence of bacteria, are helpful in the diagnostic process. What is the suspected diagnosis? (1 pt) Pyelonephritis (upper UTI) is suspected due to the presence of WBCs and WBC casts in the urine. What are glitter cells? (1 pt) Glitter cells are white blood cells that are swollen due to being in a hypertonic urine. The refractile cytoplasmic granules then show Brownian movement, which makes the cells have a "glitter" appearance when viewed microscopically. Shortly after arriving for the day shift, an MLS notices that a urine left on the counter is now black in color. He noticed that this was an odd finding and looked up the patient's history. The particular specimen was analyzed the prior evening, and the urine color was reported as yellow. Is this observation significant? What could be the possible diagnosis? Explain your answer. (1 pt) Yes, this is a significant finding. The black color could be due to either the presence of melanin or homogentisic acid in the urine. The possible diagnoses could be Melanuria or Alkaptonuria. For your diagnosis in part a, answer the following questions. (2 pts) What storage conditions caused the urine to become black? For Melanuria: The urine will become black after being exposed to room air. For Alkaptonuria: The urine darkens after becoming alkaline or standing at room temperature. What is the pathophysiology for the condition (i.e., what is wrong in the body)? For Melanuria: There is an overproduction of melanocytes from malignant melanoma. For Alkaptonuria: There is a lack of the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase, which is a required step in the phenylalanine-tyrosine pathway. This leads to a buildup of homogentisic acid (HGA) in the blood, tissues, and urine.
Madhur L.
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