Im sorry i cannot assist with that request 12773

Name: im sorry i cannot assist with that request 12773
Uploaded: 2022-04-14T16:23:44-08:00
Duration: 6 min 36 s
Channel: Suman K
Description: im sorry i cannot assist with that request 12773

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Citrate is a "prochiral" molecule, meaning that it is an achiral molecule (i.e. lacks a stereocenter) that could become chiral through a change in one of its identical arms. Indeed, this is what occurs upon conversion of citrate to isocitrate, upon which both C2 and C3 become stereocenters in isocitrate. This concept is illustrated in the figure below: Considering that enzymes are stereospecific, aconitase, the enzyme that converts to citrate to isocitrate, can only catalyze the reaction that produces the molecule shown above, rather than transferring the OH group to C4. This has consequences on the downstream steps of the citric acid cycle. Answer the following questions about the steps that follow isocitrate formation to understand these consequences. a. Citrate and isocitrate are tricarboxylic acids. During the citric acid cycle, two oxidative decarboxylation events occur and two of these carboxylic acid groups are eliminated from metabolites, resulting in formation of CO2. Which carboxyl group is lost first? b. Which carboxyl group is lost second? b. The carbon of the carboxyl group attached to C4 in the isocitrate structure above originated from the acetyl group that most recently entered the citric acid cycle. At which step will this carbon be fully oxidized through an oxidative decarboxylation step (choose one of the statements below)? 1. During the first oxidative decarboxylation step on the first turn of the citric acid cycle after the acetyl group enters 2. During the second oxidative decarboxylation step on the first turn of the citric acid cycle after the acetyl group enters 3. During the first oxidative decarboxylation step on the second turn of the citric acid cycle after the acetyl group enters 4. During the second oxidative decarboxylation step on the second turn of the citric acid cycle after the acetyl group enters 5. During either oxidative decarboxylation step on the first turn of the citric acid cycle after the acetyl group enters 6. During either oxidative decarboxylation step on the second turn of the citric acid cycle after the acetyl group enters

Suman K.

this-is-all-one-question-just-multiple-parts-what-are-the-products-from-two-turns-of-the-citric-acid-cycle-cac-identify-the-reactions-of-the-citric-acid-cycle-that-involves-a-oxidation-and-d-25727

What are the products from two turns of the citric acid cycle (CAC)? Identify the reaction(s) of the citric acid cycle that involve(s): a) Oxidation and decarboxylation - reaction(s) #_________________: b) Reduction of NAD+ - reaction(s) # _____________________; c) Production of GTP (ATP) - reaction(s) #___________________; Why does reaction #6 use FAD, not NAD+? What substance is a substrate in the first reaction of the CAC and a product in the last reaction? What compounds are needed to start the CAC? Why does FADH2 provide energy for 1.5 ATP molecules in the ETC, whereas NADH provides energy for 2.5 ATP molecules? Show the calculations. What is meant by oxidative phosphorylation? According to the chemiosmotic theory, how does the proton gradient provide energy to synthesize ATP? What is the energy yield in ATP molecules associated with each of the following: a. Glucose -> 2 pyruvate - in anaerobic conditions: - in aerobic conditions: b. pyruvate -> acetyl-CoA + CO2 c. acetyl-CoA -> 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 (during the CAC) d. Glucose + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O e. CAC, combined with the ETC (acetyl-CoA -> 2CO2) glucose + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy Show the reactions that remove these 6CO2 molecules. What is the main function of the CAC in the energy production? Arrange the following in the order in which they appear in the electron transport: Cytochrome c (Fe3+); coenzyme Q; O2 ; FADH2 ; 13. How does each of the following regulate the CAC: a) high levels of NADH b) high levels of ADP c) high levels of ATP d) low levels of NADH Why does the rate of the oxidation of pyruvate affect the rate of the citric acid cycle? Where is the ATP synthase for oxidative phosphorylation located in the cell?

Madhur L.

A person has glutamate in their cells, and they are able to make alpha-ketoglutarate from it. They are also able to make succinyl coA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate. What they cannot do is produce citrate synthase. What is true for this person? they cannot run the Krebs cycle at all they can run the entire Krebs cycle, because as long as you have the other enzymes you don't need citrate synthase they can do Functional Splitting of the Krebs cycle, in that they can do the first half but not the second half. Because of this they can still make FADH2, but they cannot make NADH or ATP they can do Functional Splitting of the Krebs cycle, in that they can do the second half but not the first half. Because of this they can still make one NADH and 2 ATP, but they cannot make FADH2 An elderly patient presents with problems in motor function. Tests show that they have an increase in succinate dehydrogenase and transketolase activity in the basal nuclei, along with an inability to process FADH2 and a decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase and aconitase. What is your diagnosis? Huntington Disease, which is autosomal dominant and affects mainly the basal nuclei Huntington Disease, which is autosomal recessive and affects the entire brain equally a functional splitting of the Krebs cycle leading to a buildup of acetyl coA that affects the hippocampus problems with the glycerol phosphate shuttle leading to a decrease in FADH2 transportation into the mitochondria Shunts from the Krebs cycle and glycolysis can lead to (choose all that apply). keto acid production and lipolysis (which reactions occur depend on concentrations of enzymes and the availability of substrates) keto acid production and lipolysis (which reactions occur depend on a circadian rhythm that determines which metabolic activity occurs at which time). gluconeogenesis, glygogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, the pentose phosphate shunt, and amino acid metabolism (which reactions occur depend on concentrations of enzymes and the availability of substrates) gluconeogenesis, glygogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, the pentose phosphate shunt, and amino acid metabolism (which reactions occur depend on a circadian rhythm that determines which metabolic activity occurs at which time).

Madhur L.

Transcript

00:01 To students, the question is about citric acid cycle.

00:08 So let's see what is this process.

00:14 Cycle is also known as crebs cycle and bribbolic acid cycle abbreviated as tca.

00:43 The main function of this cycle is to extract energy from the oxidation of organic acid.

01:15 During this extraction, it leads to formation of atp, nadh2, fadh2, this process.

01:36 Is a part of cellular respiration.

01:49 So answer for the first question, the compound isocerate under rose oxidative decarboxylation and forms an organic acid called alpha -keto -blutoric acid.

02:23 Further, this alpha -keto -glutaryic acid also undergoes oxidative decarboxilation and forms succinal coenzyme a.

03:05 So during first decarboxilation process, the carbonyl group hurt carbonal, eliminates in form of co2...

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