In Chapter 15, the authors discuss six historical periods in the development of the juvenile justice system. The authors refer to the final period as "Kids are Different" and suggest that it began in 2005. Have the students discuss this period. Is the United States entering a new era in the treatment of juveniles as opposed to the more punitive 1990s? Ask the students' opinion on the case of Roper v. Simmons (2005). Was this case indicative of this new era? If not, what was its importance?