In Chapter 3 , we worked out the rate of sugar uptake to provide the construction materials for a dividing bacterium. However, as shown in this chapter, sugar molecules also provide the energy needed to perform macromolecular synthesis. Amend the estimate of Chapter 3 to include the fact that sugar supplies construction materials and the energy needed to assemble them. You might find it useful to look at the macromolecular energy costs revealed in Table $5.2 .$ How many sugars are needed to provide the energy and construction materials for making a new cell? Make an estimate for the average rate of sugar uptake for a dividing bacterium in light of this amendment to our earlier estimates.
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In Chapter 3, we estimated this to be about 1.2 x 10^9 molecules of glucose. Show more…
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Key Concept: The Derivative
Interpretations of the Derivative
One of the important reactions in the biochemical pathway glycolysis is the reaction of glucose-6-phosphate $(\mathrm{G} 6 \mathrm{P})$ to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P): $\mathrm{G} 6 \mathrm{P} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{F} 6 \mathrm{P} \quad \Delta G_{298}^{\circ}=1.7 \mathrm{kJ}$ (a) Is the reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous under standard thermodynamic conditions? (b) Standard thermodynamic conditions imply the concentrations of G6P and $\mathrm{F} 6 \mathrm{P}$ to be $1 \mathrm{M},$ however, in a typical cell, they are not even close to these values. Calculate $\Delta G$ when the concentrations of $\mathrm{G} 6 \mathrm{P}$ and $\mathrm{F} 6 \mathrm{P}$ are 120$\mu M$ and 28 $\mu M$ respectively, and discuss the spontaneity of the forward reaction under these conditions. Assume the temperature is $37^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .$
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