In determining the proper dose of a drug to give a patient, which factors need to be considered? Whether the patient has a gene that Blank______. Multiple select question. encodes a target protein with a different shape that will not effectively bind to the drug would cause faster metabolism of the drug than in other patients would slow transport of the drug from the digestive system to the bloodstream would prevent adverse reactions with a drug that the patient is already taking would prevent adverse interactions between the drug and certain foods
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Phenylketonuria directly results in a. The inability to digest protein in the gut b. An accumulation of lactose in the body c. A lack of ability to break down phenylalanine in cells d. The inability to synthesize body proteins Variations in drug response can usually be explained by a. The drug mutating the patient's DNA b. The drug influencing the rate of transcription c. The drug influencing the rate of translation d. The drug being broken down more or less rapidly
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Which of the following is not considered a fundamental component of pharmacokinetics? - Drug elimination - Drug absorption - Down regulation of drug receptors - Drug distribution - Drug metabolism In an obese patient, would the dose of a fat-soluble drug be increased or decreased, and why? - Decreased due to added stress on the kidneys - Increased due to slow rate of absorption - Decreased due to lower amounts bound to serum proteins - Decreased due to the weight of the individual - Increased due to an increase in the volume of distribution
ASSIGNMENTS 1. Write briefly on five(5) factors affecting biotransformation of drugs. 2. Briefly describe the mechanisms by which drugs (and nutrients) can influence each other during absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Give 3 examples of these interactions. 3. Describe how Paracetamol is metabolized with emphases on the impact of liver enzyme inducers and inhibitors. 4. Epilepsy is often treated with a combination of drugs such as carbamazepine and phenytoin (polytherapy). CYP3A4 is induced by phenytoin and carbamazepine. Carbamzeipine by not phenytoin is cleared by CYP3A4. What problems might you expect if (a) carbamazepine is removed or (b) phenytoin is removed from this two-drug regimen.
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