In most complex biological processes there is an existing reality, and then the cell creates an adaptation around that reality. When talking about the driving force behind biology, it is very important to be able to distinguish between the cause vs. the effect. In each of the following outcomes, identify the "cause" and the "effect". I. The sodium-glucose symporter can transport glucose against its concentration gradient. Cause: Effect:
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The sodium-glucose symporter is a protein that facilitates the transport of glucose across a cell membrane. Show more…
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Glucose uptake in intestinal cells: With something. Use your symbolic relationships. Each organism provides the cinei and mitochondrial function, including chloroplast knowledge organelles. Suggest who from the host eukaryotic cell; symbionts might have provided for and received. The diagram below makes sure each molecule explains how transport works (relative size of the molecules). Pay attention to the directions of transport shown by the arrows on each side of the letter. The concentrations of molecules are represented by the size numbers on each side of the membrane. Molecules can be determined by.
Madhur L.
(remember, the solution in the gut is dilute compared to the cell). Questions: a. What is the direction of the sodium gradient across the luminal membrane? That is, on which side of the membrane is the concentration higher, and on which side is it lower? Indicate this on your drawing. i.e. show where sodium is higher and where it is lower and add an arrow that follows the gradient from high to low - label it "sodium gradient." b. What is the direction of the glucose gradient across the luminal membrane? Indicate this on your drawing as well. c. While the SGLUT-1 transport protein is operating, both sodium and glucose enter the cell. What is providing the energy to move the glucose against its concentration gradient? Explain. Is the movement of sodium through SGLUT-1 during co-transport simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, or secondary active transport? Is the movement of glucose through SGLUT-1 during co-transport simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, or secondary active transport? EXPLAIN YOUR CHOICES. e. As transport continues, what happens to glucose concentration inside the cell? What does the SGLUT-1 transporter do to the Na+ concentration inside the cell at the Luminal Membrane? Overall sodium ion concentration in the cell remains relatively constant. Why doesn't it increase?
Supreeta N.
1. What role do concentration gradients play in multicellular organisms? Provide one example of how this might occur in a biological system. 2. What results would we expect in each of the 5 bags from protocol if we were using Glucose instead of Sucrose?
Riaan S.
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