In the differentiation of a normal female: Female genitalia form in the absence of hormonal stimulation. The gonads remain undifferentiated throughout fetal life. The SRX protein present on X chromosomes makes the gonads differentiate into ovaries. The uterus and fallopian tubes are formed from the Wolffian ducts. Müllerian inhibiting substance causes the Müllerian ducts to regress.
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If the Y chromosome is present, a region of the Y chromosome will begin expressing genes that start the process of masculinization of internal structures. This region is known as the region or for short. The expression of these genes causes the bipotential gonad to develop into the testes. Once the testes have started developing, two hormones, testosterone and Anti-Müllerian Hormone are produced. Testosterone causes the ducts to develop into the . Testosterone also causes the internal development of the and . Anti-Müllerian Hormone causes the ducts to degenerate. Testosterone will get converted into , a much more potent version of testosterone, which will allow for the development of the male external genitalia (penis and scrotum). If the Y chromosome is absent, the bipotential gonad will develop into the ovaries. The Wolffian ducts will degenerate and the Müllerian ducts will develop into the and part of the . In the absence of DHT, the external genitalia will remain female and the labia, clitoris and vaginal opening.
Adi S.
Look at the image below and fill in the blanks. In the presence of a Y chromosome, the undifferentiated gonad develops into a testis. If no Y chromosome is present, then an ovary develops. The production of testosterone and mullerian inhibiting hormone (MIH) causes the testis to develop. And, in the absence of testosterone and MIH, an ovary develops. W O+ undifferentiated
During the very early embryonic development, two different types of ducts are present, named Mullerian and Wolffian. One set of ducts disintegrates while the other forms the duct system specific to the gender of the fetus. As these changes occur when the gonad is developing, scientists wondered whether something in the gonad causes the ducts to develop rather than the Y chromosome itself. To find out, the following experiments were conducted to address the two questions. Q1: Does the female gonad secrete something that causes the Mullerian ducts to develop and Wolffian ducts to disintegrate? Q2: Does the male gonad secrete something that affects male differentiation? In early fetal development, female rats had their ovaries removed. Following birth, these females and normal females were examined to see which ducts developed. Experiment | Mullerian | Wolffian Normal female | + | - Remove ovaries | + | - (+ indicates that this duct developed, - indicates that it disintegrated.) (6) How does the ovary contribute to the differentiation of male and female ducts? What would you conclude about the role of the ovary? (3 marks) In this experiment, the testes were removed from a developing fetus and the subsequent development of the ducts was noted as follows: Experiment | Mullerian | Wolffian Normal male | - | + Remove testes | + | - (7) What would you conclude now about the role of the testes in causing differentiation of the ducts in males? (3 marks)
Sri K.
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