Current Attempt in Progress In the liver, both glucagon and epinephrine bind to different members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, yet binding of each of these ligands results in the same response--glycogen breakdown. These observations indicate that glucagon and epinephrine activate the synthesis of different secondary messengers and activate glycogen breakdown using the same signaling pathways.
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In liver and muscle, epinephrine stimulation of the cAMP pathway activates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis, whereas in adipose tissue, epinephrine activates hydrolysis of triglycerides and in other cells causes a diversity of other responses. What step in the cAMP signaling pathways in these cells specifies the cell response?
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In liver and muscle, epinephrine stimulation of the cAMP pathway activates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis, whereas in adipose tissue, epinephrine activates hydrolysis of triglycerides, and in other cells, it causes a diversity of other responses. What step in the cAMP signaling pathways in these cells specifies the cell response?
1. Epinephrine is a hormone that is secreted mainly by the medulla of the adrenal glands and functions primarily to increase cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood. This hormone stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver however, the same hormone activates the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue. How is it possible to get different effects from the same signal molecule in different target cells? (Try to apply the principles of cell signaling)
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