00:01
Hello everyone, in this question we have been asked some diuretics, drugs that increase the volume of urine produced act by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium in various parts of the nephron and thus reduce the blood pressure.
00:18
So, we need to use the knowledge of diffusion as well as osmosis as well as how urine is produced in the nephron to explain how this diuretics work.
00:32
So, basically the diffusion is a passive process of transportation of solvent or solute from the high concentration to low concentration that means it is down the electrochemical gradient.
00:51
In the osmosis it is the transport of solvent from the low concentration of solute to the high concentration of solute via semipermeable membrane, this is also a passive process.
01:15
So, diuretics basically works by expanding the extracellular fluid and plasma volume and therefore, there is seen increased blood flow in kidney, this stops the loop of henle from concentrating the urine which usually uses the high osmotic and solute gradient to transport the solutes and water.
01:45
So, these agents can also act at other parts of the body.
01:50
So, mechanism of diuretic drugs is basically that these drugs will increase the urine output that is by kidney and this is accomplished by altering how the kidney handles sodium and if the kidney excreted more sodium then reabsorption of sodium at different segment of the renal tubular system would take place and a combination of two diuretics is used sometime that is given because this can be significantly more effective than either compound alone.
02:29
So, one nephron segment can compensate for altered sodium reabsorption at another nephron segment therefore, blocking the multiple nephron sites significantly enhances the efficiency.
02:43
So, each nephron consists of a ball formed by blood capillaries that is known as glomerulus and a small tube that is known as renal tubule...