Investigations leading to a better understanding of viruses have provided much insight into the benefits of viral infection to human survival. All of the following are proteins or regulators that provide beneficial functions to humans except Choose one: A. apolipoprotein C1 (for liver function). B. botulin toxin (for wrinkle removal). C. syncytin-1 (for placental fusion). D. beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase (for colon and mammary gland function
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Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The bacterium's major virulence factors are (a) the anthrax toxins and (b) an antiphagocytic polyglutamic capsule. These are encoded by two large plasmids, the former by pXO1 and the latter by pXO2. The expression of both is controlled by the bicarbonate-responsive transcriptional regulator, AtxA. The anthrax toxins are three polypeptides - protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF) - that come together in binary combinations to form lethal toxin and edema toxin. PA binds to cellular receptors to translocate LF (a protease) and EF (an adenylate cyclase) into cells. The toxins alter cell signaling pathways in the host to interfere with innate immune responses in the early stages of infection and to induce vascular collapse at late stages. Using the information above, specifically discuss how the bacteria infect human tissue.
Suman K.
9.what process is used to produce gmos, human insulin in bacteria, and hepatitis b 10.what bacteria are more common than human gi microbiome 11. A latent viral infection is characterized by the 12. what method of dna transfer utilizes a lytic bacteriophage to.transfer dna from one bacterial cell to another bacterial cell 13. insertion/deletion of 1 or 2 based alters the codon reading frame and results in the following 14. acute and chronic viral infections occur in humans because 15. viral tropism is most directly determined by the interaction of - For many viruses, tropism is determined by the availability of virus receptors on the surface of a host cell 16.what rule converts dna codons into amino acids - genetic code 17. what fungal infection is usually harmless in healthy people but is harmful in immuno compromised patients - Opportunistic mycoses
Adi S.
Your body can synthesize all of the biomolecules below except: (Check all that apply) ATP 9 of the amino acids Omega 3 fatty acids glycogen QUESTION 2 A patient comes to the clinic with a long history of infections. Currently, they are suffering from a infection that has gone on for several days. A test reveals that there are no antibodies circulating in the patient's system. What could explain this? (Check all possible explanations) The patient is in the early stages of a measles infection. Bacterial cells have overwhelmed the patient's macrophages. The patient has a genetic disorder in which neutrophils do not form. The patient has a genetic disorder in which B cells do not form. QUESTION 3 What are the two ways bacteria become immune to antibiotics mentioned in this module? (Check two) By producing "interceptor" molecules that bind to and change the antibiotic, rendering it harmless. By producing more cell pumps that help keep the antibiotic out of the cell. By reproducing so rapidly that no amount of antibiotic can inhibit growth. By finding pockets within hosts to which antibiotics do not have access.
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