One organ system usually has no effect on other systems; Fill in the Gaps: Homeostasis To maintain a stable environment, the body constantly monitors conditions and makes adjustments. This process is called homeostatic regulation. Review this crucial process by filling in the blanks to complete each sentence. Choose from the words listed in the Word Bank below: (Hint: Not all the words will be used) AMPLIFIES EQUILIBRIUM NEGATIVE OPPOSES POSITIVE RECEPTOR REINFORCES REVERSES SUPPRESSES CONTROL CENTER EFFECTOR 1. Homeostasis is the state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body. 2. To maintain homeostasis, a system must have three components: (1) a receptor that detects external changes which could influence the environment; (2) a control center that receives and processes the information from the receptor and responds to signals from the first component; and (3) an effector that opposes or enhances the stimulus from the second component by either opposing or enhancing the stimulus. Negative feedback is when the effector reverses the direction of change, and positive feedback is when the effector reinforces the direction of change. Most systems supporting homeostasis operate by feedback.
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Homeostasis is the state of dynamic _ of the internal environment of the body. Here, we need a word that represents balance or stability. The correct word is "equilibrium." Show more…
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Homeostasis means maintaining a stable, approximately constant internal environment within an organism, even when the external environment is constantly changing (temperature, chemicals, etc.). Organisms must have a control system to detect changes and respond to them. Anything that must be maintained within a normal range in the body (the set point) must have a control system. For example, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels are all regulated. A homeostatic control mechanism consists of three parts. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word for the analogy below: The variable or stimulus is the factor that is regulated (ex: room temperature, body temperature). The variable is like a teeter-totter: If it is perfectly balanced in the horizontal position, it is at the normal value called the set point (ex: 68°F / 98.6°F). The sensor (ex: thermometer, nerves in the skin) senses changes in the variable (temperature) and sends information to the integrator (ex: brain). The integrator analyzes the information, determines the appropriate response, and then activates the effector (ex: muscles or glands), which provides an action or response that will influence the variable. When the response causes the variable to return to its set point, it is referred to as negative feedback. When the response enhances the stimulus, it is referred to as positive feedback. Feedback mechanisms are much more common in the body.
Sri K.
Case #2: A woman is in labor. The size of the fetus combined with the contractions of the uterine muscular layer stretches the uterine wall, stimulating stretch receptors in the cervix. Signals from these receptors are conducted through nerves to the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus/posterior pituitary releases oxytocin. The oxytocin travels through the blood and stimulates the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. Oxytocin has two effects on the uterine smooth muscle: It directly stimulates the smooth muscle to contract more frequently and more forcefully. It causes the uterine wall to release prostaglandins, which increase the frequency and force of the contractions even more. These effects push the fetus more forcefully into the cervix, stimulating the stretch receptors further. The receptors send additional impulses to the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary. The increased activation of the hypothalamus/posterior pituitary stimulates the release of additional oxytocin, which further stimulates the uterus. This cycle of activation continues until the fetus is expelled from the uterus. What is the stimulus of this control loop?______________ What is the control center?__________________________ What is the effector? _______________________________ This is an example of __________ (positive / negative) feedback. How could you tell?
Bryan V.
Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Complete the following paragraph to describe the negative feedback loops that work to do this. Negative feedback loops ________ changes in the body to bring the body back to a constant internal state, also called ________. For example, during a marathon, muscle cells demand more ________ for its energy needs. This results in a(n) ________ (increase/decrease) in heart rate as blood circulates more quickly. This allows muscles to receive more ________. When running ends, the muscles demand less ________. This results in a(n) ________ (increase/decrease) in heart rate as blood circulates more slowly. This allows muscles to receive less ________.
Nicole C.
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