John Snow, in Snow on Cholera: ? a. was the father of modern bio-statistics. b. established postulates for transmission of infectious disease. ?c. was an English anesthesiologist who used natural experiments. ?d. argued that the environment was associated with diseases such as malaria ?e. was a London surgeon who identified an environmental cause of cancer.
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John Snow is considered to be the father of contemporary epidemiology because of his studies of cholera outbreaks in London in the mid-1800s. Answer the following questions. a. What was the prevailing idea of what caused cholera? What made Snow question that idea? b. Explain his "Grand Experiment". c. Explain his research into the 1854 Broad Street pump outbreak.
Madhur L.
John Snow is widely regarded as the father of modern epidemiology. Most famously, he investigated an outbreak of cholera in London in 1854 that killed more than 600 victims before it was finished. Snow recorded where the victims lived, and plotted the data on a map, along with the locations of the water pumps that served as the source of water for the public (Figure $Q 23-2$ ). He concluded that the disease was most likely spread in the water, although he could find nothing suspicious-looking in it. His conclusion ran counter to the then-current belief that cholera was from "miasmas" in bad air. Very few believed his theory during the next 50 years, with the "bad air" theory persisting until at least $1901 .$ What do you suppose Snow saw in the data that led him to his conclusion? Why do you think most scientists remained skeptical for so long?
Match each pioneer of epidemiology with his or her contribution. A. determined the source of a cholera outbreak in London B. showed that surgical wound infection rates could be dramatically reduced by using carbolic acid to disinfect surgical tools, bandages, and surgical sites C. compiled data on causes of mortality in soldiers, leading to innovations in military medical care D. developed a methodology for conclusively determining the etiology of disease Florence Nightingale Robert Koch Joseph Lister John Snow
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