Key Concept: If we cannot fully digest the molecules of dietary fiber, why are they important to the human diet? Key Concept: What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins? Is it possible to get all the necessary amino acids from incomplete protein sources? Explain your answer.
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Step 1: Dietary fiber is important for the human diet because it helps to regulate digestion and bowel movements. Show more…
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STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Malnutrition of children is a profound global problem, and protein deficiencies are the most common form of childhood malnutrition. Why are people so vulnerable to protein deficiencies? 2. Explain how and why the absorption of hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic molecules differs. 3. List three major roles played by each class of foodstuffs: proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. 4. Many of the most important vertebrate species in agriculture and aquaculture are foregut, midgut, or hindgut fermenters. Name an example of each, and discuss why species of this sort have advantages in agriculture and aquaculture. 5. Explain why wastage of essential amino acids can occur and how eating two foods simultaneously can prevent wastage. 6. Many species of hindgut fermenters, including horses, eat their feces to a greater extent when they have protein insufficiency than when they have plenty of protein. How might increased fecal consumption help? 7. It can be difficult or impossible to find a single diet that will serve the needs of both an herbivore and a carnivore. If you were trying to determine if two related species, one an herbivore and the other a carnivore, differ genetically in their digestive enzymes or absorption transporters, why would it be important to try to find a common diet for your test subjects of both species? 8. On the basis of our discussion of food-chain energetics, explain how the global human population's need for food could be met more readily if meat consumption were reduced and people lived more on plant foods. 9. Discuss hypotheses for why Burmese pythons deconstruct their digestive systems between meals. Similarly, discuss hypotheses for why small birds and mammals, having lengthened their intestines during cold seasons, permit their intestines to shorten during warm seasons. In other words, why might natural selection favor plastic, rather than static, gastrointestinal morphology? 10. Most people tend to think that if the sun ever stopped emitting light, all animal life on Earth would soon end. Populations of hydrothermal-vent animals might continue to exist for thousands of years, however. Explain.
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Chapter 6 review questions on protein 1. What's different about the protein molecule compared to carbs and or fat? 2. Define amino acids 3. What's the difference between essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids? 4. Name and explain at least seven reasons why we need proteins in the body? 5. What is a high-quality protein? 6. What is a complementary protein? 7. What are the health benefits (five or more) of vegetarianism? 8. Protein deficiency in the United States, where do we see this? What about internationally? 9. What can happen if you consume too much protein? 10. What are your protein needs and how do you figure it out? 11. Choose a specific athlete and figure out their protein needs:
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