σ (ksi)
180
spring steel
(1% carbon)
160
140
120
hard steel
(0.6% carbon)
heat treated
100
machine steel
80
(0.6% carbon)
60
structural steel
(0.2% carbon)
40
soft steel
(0.1% carbon)
20
e (in./in.)
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01
Figure 3.
9) Using Figure 3, calculate the Young's modulus for spring steel.