Let R be a commutative ring with ideals, and let I + J = {a + b: a ∈ I, b ∈ J}. Prove that I + J is an ideal of R. For obvious reasons, we will call the ideal I + J the sum of the ideals. Suppose that R is a commutative ring with unity, and let I and J be ideals. Define I · J = {∑_{k=1}^n a_k b_k : a_k ∈ I, b_k ∈ J, n ∈ N}.