1. List ALL of the different protein targeting signals that were covered in this section of the course (column 1). Then list where the targeting signal sends a protein to (column 2). For example: COLUMN ONE Nuclear localization signal COLUMN TWO nucleoplasm (inside the nucleus) 2. For each of the following locations, list the series of protein targeting signals that are required to get a protein to this destination. From a ribosome to the Cytoplasm Nucleoplasm From the nucleoplasm to the cytoplasm ER lumen ER membrane Golgi membrane Lysosomal lumen Lysosomal membrane Secretory vesicle Plasma membrane Mitochondria Peroxisome 3. List the necessary steps to move a protein from the Golgi to the lysosome. 4. Match the following molecular motor with the direction it moves and the filament it moves along to transport vesicles.
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Order the steps below for a secreted protein. This is the order of the path for a secreted protein from gene expression to secretion outside the cell . Use 1 for step 1 and so on. protein is threaded through ER transmembrane channel Transcription factors bind the gene promoter and RNA polymerase carries out transcription SRP positions ribosome on transmembrane channel Translation stops when the signal sequence on protein is bound by SRP vesicle with protein inside blebs off from golgi and fuses with cell membrane SRP leaves and protein synthesis continues vesicle with protein inside blebs off from ER and fuses with golgi mRNA is processed and transported out of the nucleus and translated on free ribosome protein ends up in lumen of ER protein is released outside the cell SRP binds to SRP receptor on ER membrane surface
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For the following proteins, indicate what targeting sequences are present in their precursors. Think about the final localization of the protein in the cell based on the protein's function. Most of the proteins you should already know. Use any tools to find a function, then think about what subcellular localization (organelle or outside of the cell) the function takes place, and then find the targeting sequence that takes the protein to that destination. You might find these databases useful in searching for subcellular localization and functions of proteins. It is not a one-to-one matching. You might use the same answer many times or not at all. 1.) Collagen A.) Matrix (mitochondria) Targeting Sequence 2.) Phosphofructokinase B.) N-Terminal ER Targeting Sequence Only 3.) Transferrin (a protein that transports iron in blood) C.) No targeting sequence 4.) Lamin (a cytoskeletal protein) D.) Nuclear localization signal 5.) Fibrinogen E.) Peroxisomal Targeting Sequence 6.) Histone F.) Multiple start-stop ER Targeting Sequence 7.) Insulin receptor on fat cells G.) Membrane targeting sequence
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Complete the following sentences to examine various components of the endomembrane system. Information within the ____________ is transcribed into mRNA and transported outside the nuclear envelope. Proteins, which are synthesized by ____________ , are then released into the ____________ , where they are further folded and modified. The ____________ does not have attached ____________ and produces lipids, such as steroids. Once proteins are folded and modified, transport vehicles called ____________ pinch off and surround them with membranes to be transported elsewhere. The vesicles are moved to the ____________ where they are sorted and packaged. Transport vehicles called ____________ carry the macromolecules to the ____________ where they fuse and release their contents to the outside environment. ribosomes Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum vesicles plasma membrane rough endoplasmic reticulum nucleus secretory vesicles
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