List the various causes of faulty sex determination that were discussed in class,describe the phenotypic outcomes, and explain why they happen
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- Genetic abnormalities: Such as Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, and XXY syndrome. - Hormonal imbalances: Including androgen insensitivity syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. - Environmental factors: Exposure to endocrine disruptors or other Show more…
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7. How does sex determination in Drosophila differ from sex determination in humans? 9. What characteristics are exhibited by an X-linked trait? 11. What characteristics are exhibited by a Y-linked trait? 12. Explain why tortoiseshell cats are almost always female and why they have a patchy distribution of orange and black fur. 13. What is a Barr body? How is it related to the Lyon hypothesis? 15. What is the sexual phenotype of fruit flies having the following chromosomes? Sex chromosomes | Autosomal chromosomes | Sexual phenotype c. XO | All normal | e. XYY | All normal | g. XXX | All normal | i. XXX | Four haploid sets | 17. For each of the following chromosome complements, what is the phenotypic sex of a person who has c. XO with a copy of the SRY gene on an autosomal chromosome? d. XXY with the SRY gene deleted? e. XXYY with one copy of the SRY gene deleted 35. Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. Polydactyly (extra fingers and toes) is an autosomal dominant trait. Martha has normal fingers and toes and normal color vision. Her mother is normal in all respects, but her father is color blind and polydactylous. Bill is color blind and polydactylous. His mother has normal color vision and normal fingers and toes. If Bill and Martha marry, what phenotypes and proportions of children can they produce?
Anand J.
Describe two occurrences (one during DNA replication and one during meiosis) that can result in an intersex individual. (4 pts each) a. DNA Replication: During DNA replication, errors can occur in the process of copying the genetic material. These errors, known as mutations, can lead to changes in the DNA sequence. If a mutation occurs in a gene that is involved in determining the sex of an individual, it can result in an intersex condition. For example, if a mutation affects the SRY gene, which is responsible for the development of male characteristics, it can lead to the development of ambiguous genitalia or other intersex traits. b. Meiosis: During meiosis, the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs), errors can occur in the distribution of chromosomes. This can result in aneuploidy, which is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in the cells. If an individual inherits an abnormal number of sex chromosomes, such as XXY or XXX, it can lead to intersex traits. For example, individuals with Klinefelter syndrome, who have an extra X chromosome (XXY), may develop characteristics such as reduced fertility, breast development, and other intersex features.
Adi S.
Male Sex Determination Part of the HUMAN sex determination pathway is shown above. For A-D, circle the statements that are true and correct the statements that are false. Arrows between genes indicates activation, --| indicate repression. A. Men do not have dosage compensation. B. In X0 and XXX women, the X:A ratio are 1:1 and 3:1, respectively. C. XX human males can arise from non-disjunction during meiosis. D. XYY humans show no dosage compensation. E. Four brothers in a family were found to be 46, XX, sry-; there was no trace of the Y chromosome (including sry) anywhere in their genomes. There are also no mutations in the promoter, repressor/enhancer elements, or coding region of the Sox9 gene. In ONE sentence, suggest where a mutation has occurred in the sex determination pathway to give rise to the four 46, XX, sry- brothers. F. Suppose that there is a RARE case of a fertile 46, XX, sry+ male. In ONE sentence, what will be the sex and genotype of the children this male can have?
Sri K.
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