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luburatory period (at least one week). The following laboratory period remove the yeast by vacuum filtration and subject the filtrate to finctional distillation using a Vigreux column. Collect 75 mL of the distillate in a 100mL graduatod cylinder. Measure the specific gravity of the distillate by using an alcohol hydrometer and determine the 'Proof \( { }^{3} \) of your alcohol solution. Proof \( \equiv 2 x \%_{(\nu / v)} \) Questions 1. Write a balanced equation for the fermentation process in the Introduction of your laboratory report. 2. How do you know that your experiment is progressing satisfactorily? (Give two ways!) 3. Calculate the percent yield of ethanol from your proof assuming that all of the alcohol is collected in the first 75 mL of distillate and that the \( \%_{(m / v)}=0.80 \times \%_{(v / v))^{3}} \) 4. Reagent grade ethanol is most commonly sold as a solution of \( 95 \% \) alcohol / \( 5 \% \) water, not as pure alcohol. Why? 3 The importance of having the alcoholic content of distilled alcoholic beverages known accurately is evidently so important to its consumers that the term to designate its concentration was given a very telling descriptor - proof - as if this designation would "prove" that its stated alcohol concentration was accurate. The definition of proof does, however, vary from country to country (although not by very much). The idea of making the proof equal to twice its alcohol \% is merely an attempt by the producers of distilled spirits to make consumers think they are getting more bang (alcohol) for their buck. Also the \( \% \) alcohol is measured in terms of \( \%_{(\nu / \nu)} \), volume mass) even less than reported (see Question 3. above).

          luburatory period (at least one week).
The following laboratory period remove the yeast by vacuum filtration and subject the filtrate to finctional distillation using a Vigreux column. Collect 75 mL of the distillate in a 100mL graduatod cylinder. Measure the specific gravity of the distillate by using an alcohol hydrometer and determine the 'Proof \( { }^{3} \) of your alcohol solution.

Proof \( \equiv 2 x \%_{(\nu / v)} \)

Questions
1. Write a balanced equation for the fermentation process in the Introduction of your laboratory report.
2. How do you know that your experiment is progressing satisfactorily? (Give two ways!)
3. Calculate the percent yield of ethanol from your proof assuming that all of the alcohol is collected in the first 75 mL of distillate and that the \( \%_{(m / v)}=0.80 \times \%_{(v / v))^{3}} \)
4. Reagent grade ethanol is most commonly sold as a solution of \( 95 \% \) alcohol / \( 5 \% \) water, not as pure alcohol. Why?
3 The importance of having the alcoholic content of distilled alcoholic beverages known accurately is evidently so important to its consumers that the term to designate its concentration was given a very telling descriptor - proof - as if this designation would "prove" that its stated alcohol concentration was accurate. The definition of proof does, however, vary from country to country (although not by very much). The idea of making the proof equal to twice its alcohol \% is merely an attempt by the producers of distilled spirits to make consumers think they are getting more bang (alcohol) for their buck. Also the \( \% \) alcohol is measured in terms of \( \%_{(\nu / \nu)} \), volume mass) even less than reported (see Question 3. above).

luburatory period (at least one week).
The following laboratory period remove the yeast by vacuum filtration and subject the filtrate to finctional distillation using a Vigreux column. Collect 75 mL of the distillate in a 100mL graduatod cylinder. Measure the specific gravity of the distillate by using an alcohol hydrometer and determine the 'Proof ^3 of your alcohol solution.

Proof ≡ 2 x %(ν / v)

Questions
1. Write a balanced equation for the fermentation process in the Introduction of your laboratory report.
2. How do you know that your experiment is progressing satisfactorily? (Give two ways!)
3. Calculate the percent yield of ethanol from your proof assuming that all of the alcohol is collected in the first 75 mL of distillate and that the %(m / v)=0.80 ×%(v / v))^3
4. Reagent grade ethanol is most commonly sold as a solution of 95 % alcohol / 5 % water, not as pure alcohol. Why?
3 The importance of having the alcoholic content of distilled alcoholic beverages known accurately is evidently so important to its consumers that the term to designate its concentration was given a very telling descriptor - proof - as if this designation would "prove" that its stated alcohol concentration was accurate. The definition of proof does, however, vary from country to country (although not by very much). The idea of making the proof equal to twice its alcohol % is merely an attempt by the producers of distilled spirits to make consumers think they are getting more bang (alcohol) for their buck. Also the % alcohol is measured in terms of %(ν / ν), volume mass) even less than reported (see Question 3. above).

Added by Amanda F.

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