00:01
Here we're going to determine the temperature or the thermal energy, if you will, that it would take to flip the orbit, the magnetic dipole moment of the orbit of the electron in a hydrogen atom from its low energy state to its high energy state.
00:21
So a little bit of a reminder that magnetic potential energy is minus the magnetic dipole moment dotted into the magnetic.
00:31
Field.
00:34
So we are all familiar with how magnetic dipoles want to realign themselves with the external field.
00:42
But we can calculate the change in potential energy between the high energy and the low energy states, and that's basically plus ub minus ub or two times the magnetic dipole moment.
01:05
So a reminder that mu is used a lot as a symbol in magnetism, but here it means the magnetic dipole moment, which can be found for any loop of wire, including an electron moving in a magnetic field as the current times the cross -sectional area of the loop.
01:36
So a classical calculation of that can be done.
01:44
Okay, so here we're going to see that this change in potential energy can be equated to thermal energy.
01:58
Whoops, kbt is what i wanted to write down, not kb.
02:03
So the kb is boltzman's constant, and t stands for temperature, not tesla.
02:11
Temperature in kelvin, and kbt is boltzmann's constant, a fundamental constant that governs thermal phenomena.
02:30
And it is 1 .38 times 10 to the minus 23 joules per kelvin...