Match the components of PCR to their purpose Provides the optimum ionic environment and pH for optimal enzyme activity Pieces of DNA complementary to the template that tell DNA polymerase exactly where to start making copies. Contains the intact sequence of DNA to be amplified. The raw material of newly synthesized DNA. An enzyme that assembles nucleotides into a new DNA chain. Essential cofactor required by DNA polymerase to synthesize the new DNA chain. 1. DNA Template 2. Primers (Oligonucleotides) 3. Magnesium Ions (Mg2+) 4. dNTPs (Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates) 5. TAQ DNA Polymerase 6. PCR Buffer
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Provides the optimum ionic environment and pH for optimal enzyme activity: **PCR Buffer** Show more…
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Match the PCR component with its definition. A. dNTPs: Individual nucleotides (A, T, C, and G) that will be the building blocks when new strands of DNA are made. B. DNA template: The original DNA that you want to copy using PCR. C. Primers: Small sections of DNA that match the ends of the template so it can be copied. D. Master mix: The solution that contains all the components--including enzymes, nucleotides, and ions--to build new DNA. E. Polymerase: The enzyme that builds new DNA; used because it can withstand the temperature changes used in PCR.
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Match the enzyme or protein with the correct description of its activity in bacterial DNA replication. Chains most nucleotides together during DNA replication DNA gyrase or Topoisomerase DNA Polymerase III DNA Helicase Single stranded binding proteins DNA Polymerase I DNA Primase DNA Polymerase II RNA Polymerase Sits in the replication fork while breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs DNA gyrase or Topoisomerase DNA Polymerase III DNA Helicase Single stranded binding proteins DNA Polymerase I DNA Primase DNA Polymerase II RNA Polymerase Functions ahead of the replication fork to relieve excess supercoiling as the DNA opens up DNA gyrase or Topoisomerase DNA Polymerase III DNA Helicase Single stranded binding proteins DNA Polymerase I DNA Primase DNA Polymerase II RNA Polymerase Coats the single stranded regions of DNA so they don't base pair internally
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Activity 5: Cellular DNA Replication vs PCR: PCR relies on many of the same principles as DNA replication, the process by which your genome is copied during cell division. However, PCR often uses slightly different mechanisms to achieve the same result. To further understand the connection between PCR and DNA replication, complete the comparison table below. DNA Replication in cell PCR When copying DNA, the two strands of the molecule must be split apart to expose the nitrogen bases. What is used to accomplish this? The helicase enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA stands Where does the polymerase begin copying the DNA? At short RNA primers bound to the template strand near an origin of replication What molecules are used as the building blocks of the new DNA strand? Nucleotides At what temperature does the polymerase prefer to function? 37°C (Body temperature) How does the polymerase know to stop copying the DNA? It reaches the end of the chromosome or the start of another replication bubble
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