Multiple choice the universal donor blood type is able to be...

The universal donor blood type is able to be donated to any of the other blood types because it has neither A nor B antigens. It doesn't make any antibodies. Type O red blood cells have neither A nor B antigens. A person with type AB blood has both A and B antigens. A person with blood type A has antigen A. Enzyme-converted blood cells used in transfusion are cells that have been changed by bacterial enzymes so that they do not have the A, B, or Rh antigens. Which of the following does NOT increase as one ages? Clotting disorders Anemias Leukemias Blood volume

Transcript

00:01 When we look at blood types, we know that there's four main blood types.

00:04 There's type a, there's type b, there's type a, b, and there's type o.

00:10 So the way that this genotypically works is we are looking at three different alleles.

00:16 There is the dominant a allele.

00:18 There's the dominant b allule.

00:21 And then there is a recessive i allele.

00:24 So if you have type a blood, that means you have to have at least one dominant a.

00:31 But because everyone has two alleles at each gene, your other allele can either be another dominant a or it can be a recessive i.

00:39 Because, you know, if you have a recessive allele next to a dominant, it does not change the phenotype.

00:45 However, because b is also dominant, you cannot have a b allel and still be type a blood.

00:54 Because if you did have this, say if you had an a allele and you had a b allel, you would be type a -b blood.

01:01 Because they both have to present in the phenotype.

01:05 So likewise, when we're looking at b, which is the other dominant, then if you have at least one b allel, your type b.

01:13 But if you want to stay type b and not become a, b, then you have to have either another dominant b or a recessive allele that doesn't change the phenotype.

01:22 And then lastly, if you have two of these recessive alleles, then you will be type o blood.

01:27 Now, we're going to talk about what these things mean.

01:29 So if you have one of these dominant alleles, a or b, they code for certain receptors on our blood cells.

01:37 So if you have an a allele, a dominant a, that means you have a receptors.

01:47 And if you have a b allele, that means you have b receptors on your blood.

01:51 So it makes sense then.

01:52 If you are type a -b blood, then you have both a and b receptors.

01:59 However, if you are type o blood, you have neither of these don't.

02:03 Dominant a or b, that means you have no receptors on your blood, at least not for this gene.

02:11 So that's how that works.

02:13 However, if you don't have some of these dominant alleles, that means that you will have antigens for it.

02:22 So, for example, if you have type a blood, that means you have a dominant a allele and you have a receptors.

02:28 However, you don't have the dominant b allel.

02:31 Therefore, your body produces b antigens.

02:37 And this is the reason why we have to be very careful when we give blood to people.

02:42 Because if you give a person that is type a blood, blood from another person that's type b, then when you introduce those b receptors into the bloodstream, then the bloodstream already has b antigens...

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