MULTIPLE CHOICE (2 points each): 1. When a protein hormone is being synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, what is the initial polypeptide called? a) exon b) peptide c) prohormone d) prehormone e) preprohormone 2. What hormone released by the posterior pituitary functions in uterine contractions and milk letdown in the breast? a) vasopressin b) prolactin c) oxytocin d) ADH e) calcitonin 3. Which of the following is NOT a hormone released from the anterior pituitary? a) prolactin inhibiting hormone b) adrenocorticotropic hormone c) luteinizing hormone d) growth hormone e) follicle stimulating hormone 4. Which organ secretes insulin-like growth factors into the bloodstream? a) pancreas b) liver c) all organs d) adipose tissue e) skeletal muscle 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the growth-supporting functions of growth hormone? a) increased plasma glucose concentration b) increased glucose uptake by muscles c) increased fat breakdown d) increased glucose production and output from the liver e) increased protein synthesis 6. Where are receptors for thyroid hormones located? a) on the plasma membrane of target cells b) in the cytosol of target cells c) in the nucleus of target cells d) in the cytoplasm of all cells in the body 7. Which ion is specifically required for the production of thyroid hormones? a) calcium b) iron c) phosphorus d) iodine e) potassium 8. What is the primary hormone mediating the body's stress response? a) growth hormone b) insulin c) glucagon d) thyroid hormone e) cortisol 9. Acromegaly is associated with what endocrine malfunction? a) decrease in thyroid hormones b) decrease in cortisol c) decrease in epinephrine d) increase in growth hormone in adults e) increase in growth hormone in children 10. Which of the following hormones is NOT released from the adrenal gland? a) adrenocorticotropic hormone b) cortisol c) aldosterone d) sex hormones e) epinephrine 11. What layer of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids? a) zona reticularis only b) zona fasciculata only c) zona glomerulosa only d) both zonae reticularis and fasciculata e) both zonae reticularis and glomerulosa
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When a protein hormone is being synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, what is the initial polypeptide called? The correct answer is e) preprohormone. Show more…
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11. Which hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete in response to stress? a. mineralocorticoids b. epinephrine c. glucacorticoids d. ACTH 12. The anterior pituitary gland is known to secret the following hormones: a. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin b. Lipid hormone (LH), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), prolactin c. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin d. Luteinizing hormone (LH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 13. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is known to: a. inhibit the release of TSH from the posterior pituitary b. stimulate the release of TSH from the posterior pituitary c. inhibit the release of TSH from the anterior pituitary d. stimulate the release of TSH from the anterior pituitary 14. Which of these receptors are distinct among sensory receptors because they make direct connections with brain interneurons? a. mechanoreceptors b. olfactory receptors c. photoreceptors d. auditory receptors 15. Which function is controlled by the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system? a. voluntary muscle movements b. smooth muscle contractions c. blood pressure d. glandular secretions 16. Which function is controlled by the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system? a. posture b. muscle tone c. heart rate d. balance 17. Which of these regulates basic homeostatic functions and contributes to endocrine control? a. olfactory bulb b. hypothalamus c. medulla oblongata d. thalamus 18. Which of these is a function of the cerebrum? a. muscle movement and balance b. transfer nerve signals between the cerebellum and the medulla c. higher brain functions d. autonomic nerve control 19. Which of these measurements of membrane potential (mV) best represents the peak action potential of a neuron conducting a nerve signal? a. 0 b. -30 c. -50 d. +30 20. Which of these prevents an action potential from reversing direction? a. Glial cells b. nodes of Ranvier c. refractory period d. ion channels
Adi S.
1. All hormones are A. steroids. B. proteins. C. inorganic compounds. D. organic compounds. 2. Steroid hormones A. are soluble in lipids. B. combine with protein receptor molecules. C. act by causing the synthesis of messenger RNA molecules. D. All of these are correct. 3. Nonsteroid hormones act upon their target cells by causing A. cyclic AMP to become ATP. B. cyclic AMP to be decomposed. C. the activation of adenylate cyclase. D. the inactivation of adenylate cyclase. 4. As a rule, hormone concentrations are controlled by A. positive feedback mechanisms. B. negative feedback mechanisms. C. thermostats. D. cellular demands. 5. Which of the following is secreted by nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? A. thyroid-stimulating hormone B. adrenocorticotropic hormone C. growth hormone D. antidiuretic hormone 6. Growth hormone A. enhances the movement of amino acids into cells. B. increases the rate of protein synthesis. C. increases the rate of fat metabolism. D. All of these are correct. 7. Which of the following hormones exerts its effect primarily upon the reproductive organs? A. follicle-stimulating hormone B. adrenocorticotropic hormone C. prolactin-releasing factor D. thyrotropin 8. Thyroxine functions to A. reduce the rate at which carbohydrates are utilized. B. enhance the rate at which proteins are synthesized. C. inhibit activities within the nervous system. D. inhibit the rate at which calcium enters body fluids. 9. The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the A. hypothalamus. B. concentration of blood calcium. C. thyroid gland. D. pituitary gland.
Madhur L.
7. Which of the following sets of hormones are antagonists? a. Insulin and glucagon b. Calcitonin and cortisol c. Epinephrine and norepinephrine d. Growth hormone and thyroxine. 8. Matching: Match the following endocrine organs with the hormone(s) each secretes. 9. Which of the following is true regarding endocrine organ histology? a. The thyroid gland consists of follicle cells surrounding colloid. b. The pancreas has an exocrine portion consisting of acinar cells and an endocrine portion consisting of pancreatic islets. c. The adrenal cortex has three zones of cells that secrete steroid hormones. d. The adrenal medulla is modified nervous tissue of the sympathetic nervous system. 10. In a negative feedback loop, you would expect secretion from an endocrine gland to decrease after homeostasis has been restored.
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